Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide with Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence Detection

This study reports a new, rapid and sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA) with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection (PO-CL) for determination of hydrogen peroxide through merging zone principle. Di (N-Succinimidyl) oxalate was applied for the first time as peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reagent. The CL was produced by the oxidation of Di (N-Succinimidyl) oxalate by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a fluorescent compound, (9, 10 Bis phenyl ethynyl anthracene) and imidazole as a catalyst. Various parameters associated with this flow system were studied and essential optimizations were carried out. Calibration graph was constructed for determination of hydrogen peroxide in the range (0.02-0.34 mol.L–1) with correlation coefficient (R2) (0.982).The method was applied successfully for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in commercial pharmaceutical products and in tap water

Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Viability during Differentiation In Vitro

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are being used extensively in array of studies to understand different mechanisms such as early human embryogenesis, drug toxicity testing, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapy. The protocols for the directed differentiation of hESCs towards specific cell types often require long-term cell cultures. To avoid bacterial contamination, these protocols include addition of antibiotics such as pen-strep and gentamicin. Although aminoglycosides, streptomycin, and gentamicin have been shown to cause cytotoxicity in various animal models, the effect of these antibiotics on hESCs is not clear. In this study, we found that antibiotics, pen-strep, and gentamicin did not affect hESC cell viability or expression of pluripotency markers. However, during directed differentiation towards neural and hepatic fate, significant cell death was noted through the activation of caspase cascade. Also, the expression of neural progenitor markers Pax6, Emx2, Otx2, and Pou3f2 was significantly reduced suggesting that gentamicin may adversely affect early embryonic neurogenesis whereas no effect was seen on the expression of endoderm or hepatic markers during differentiation. Our results suggest that the use of antibiotics in cell culture media for the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs needs thorough investigation before use to avoid erroneous results

Evaluation of oxidative stress in Vigna radiata L. in response to chlorpyrifos

This study aims to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos on several metabolic and stress related parameters of Vigna radiata L. Twenty-days-old plants were exposed to several concentrations of chlorpyrifos, ranging from 0 – 1.5 mM through foliar spray in the field condition. Analyses were done at pre flowering (Day 5), flowering (Day 10) and post flowering (Day 20) stages after the treatment. Lipid peroxidation rate, proline, dehydroascorbate, oxidized and total glutathione were all ascended. Chlorpyrifos enhanced lipid peroxidation rate and proline content with 1.5 mM at day 20 whereas dehydroascorbate, oxidized and total glutathione were increased in 1.5 mM at day 10. However, dose dependence significantly declined in content of ascorbate and reduced glutathione levels were observed at all growth stages. Among the enzymatic antioxidants, activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enhanced significantly in all the concentrations at day 10. Maximum catalase activity was observed at day 10 in control and it declined thereafter. The above results clearly depicted the provoked state of oxidative stress under chlorpyrifos exposure in Vigna radiata L. and therefore can be used to evaluate the degree of insecticide contamination to plant which may be serving as biomarker in Vigna radiata L

Evaluation of oxidative stress in Vigna radiata L. in response to chlorpyrifos

This study aims to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos on several metabolic and stress related parameters of Vigna radiata L. Twenty-days-old plants were exposed to several concentrations of chlorpyrifos, ranging from 0 – 1.5 mM through foliar spray in the field condition. Analyses were done at pre flowering (Day 5), flowering (Day 10) and post flowering (Day 20) stages after the treatment. Lipid peroxidation rate, proline, dehydroascorbate, oxidized and total glutathione were all ascended. Chlorpyrifos enhanced lipid peroxidation rate and proline content with 1.5 mM at day 20 whereas dehydroascorbate, oxidized and total glutathione were increased in 1.5 mM at day 10. However, dose dependence significantly declined in content of ascorbate and reduced glutathione levels were observed at all growth stages. Among the enzymatic antioxidants, activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enhanced significantly in all the concentrations at day 10. Maximum catalase activity was observed at day 10 in control and it declined thereafter. The above results clearly depicted the provoked state of oxidative stress under chlorpyrifos exposure in Vigna radiata L. and therefore can be used to evaluate the degree of insecticide contamination to plant which may be serving as biomarker in Vigna radiata L

Saturated fatty acid regulated lncRNA dataset during in vitro human embryonic neurogenesis

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were used as a model of embryonic neurogenesis to identify the effect of excess fat uptake on neurodevelopment (Ardah et al., 2018). Herein, by directed differentiation of hESCs into neurons using established protocols, this data was generated for expression profiles of select lncRNAs during in vitro embryonic neurogenesis and their differential expression due to excess fat (palmitate) uptake. The undifferentiated hESCs were treated with 250 µM palmitate after identifying it as the highest concentration which is non-toxic to these cells. The palmitate treated hESCs were differentiated towards neurons keeping the levels of palmitate consistent throughout the differentiation process and fat uptake was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. The expression analysis of lncRNAs was performed by RT-qPCR on vehicle control and palmitate treated cells from 4 stages of differentiation, D0 (undifferentiated hESCs), D12 (neural stem cells), D44 (neural progenitors) and D70 (neurons) using lncRNAs array plates from Arraystar Inc. which contains 372 functionally identified lncRNAs found to be associated with lipid metabolism and other pathways (Cat# AS-NR-004)