Subgraph Counting: Color Coding Beyond Trees

The problem of counting occurrences of query graphs in a large data graph, known as subgraph counting, is fundamental to several domains such as genomics and social network analysis. Many important special cases (e.g. triangle counting) have received significant attention. Color coding is a very general and powerful algorithmic technique for subgraph counting. Color coding has been shown to be effective in several applications, but scalable implementations are only known for the special case of {\em tree queries} (i.e. queries of treewidth one). In this paper we present the first efficient distributed implementation for color coding that goes beyond tree queries: our algorithm applies to any query graph of treewidth $2$. Since tree queries can be solved in time linear in the size of the data graph, our contribution is the first step into the realm of colour coding for queries that require superlinear running time in the worst case. This superlinear complexity leads to significant load balancing problems on graphs with heavy tailed degree distributions. Our algorithm structures the computation to work around high degree nodes in the data graph, and achieves very good runtime and scalability on a diverse collection of data and query graph pairs as a result. We also provide theoretical analysis of our algorithmic techniques, showing asymptotic improvements in runtime on random graphs with power law degree distributions, a popular model for real world graphs

Design of electronic throttle valve position control system using Learning Feed-Forward based on Model Reference Adaptive Systems controller

In recent years, the use of electronic throttle valve systems has been very popular in the automotive industry. However, there are still many difficulties in controlling the electronic throttle valve because of multiple nonsmooth nonlinearities, including stickndashslip friction, backlash, and a discontinuous nonlinear spring involved in the system. To alleviate these difficulties in controlling the angle of a throttle plate and to make a highly robust controller with limited cost, this paper proposes the new approach using the PD controller and a Model Reference Adaptive System-based Learning Feed-Forward Controller algorithm to the electronic throttle valve. Firstly, the LFFC is applied together with the PD controller to compensate the nonlinearities in the system, and then, the Lyapunov approach is used to find stable adaptive laws for the feed-forward parameters when the parameters of the system changes while the throttle valve is working. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated by performing some simulations on the Matlab-Simulink software

Far-infrared absorption in parallel quantum wires with weak tunneling

We study collective and single-particle intersubband excitations in a system of quantum wires coupled via weak tunneling. For an isolated wire with parabolic confinement, the Kohn's theorem guarantees that the absorption spectrum represents a single sharp peak centered at the frequency given by the bare confining potential. We show that the effect of weak tunneling between two parabolic quantum wires is twofold: (i) additional peaks corresponding to single-particle excitations appear in the absorption spectrum, and (ii) the main absorption peak acquires a depolarization shift. We also show that the interplay between tunneling and weak perpendicular magnetic field drastically enhances the dispersion of single-particle excitations. The latter leads to a strong damping of the intersubband plasmon for magnetic fields exceeding a critical value.Comment: 18 pages + 6 postcript figure

The complex refractive indices of the liquid crystal mixture E7 in the terahertzfrequencyrange

We have used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to investigate the complex optical constants and birefrin-gence of a widely used liquid crystal mixture E7 in both nematic and isotropic phases (26°C–70°C).The ex-tinction coefficient of E7 at room temperature is less　than　0.035　and　without　sharp　absorption　features　in　the　frequency　range　of　0.2–2.0　THz.　The　extraordinary　(ne)and ordinary (no)indices of refraction at 26°C are 1.690–1.704 and 1.557–1.581, respectively, giving rise to a birefringence of 0.130–0.148 in this frequency range. The temperature-dependent(26°C–70°C)order parameter extracted from the birefringence data agrees with that in the visible region quite well. Further, the temperature gradients of the terahertz optical constants of E7 are also determined. The optical constants of E7 in the terahertz or sub-millimeter wave range are found to deviate significantly from values predicated by the usual extended Cauchy equations used in the visible and near-infrared

Low-temperature structural model of hcp solid C70_{70}

We report intermolecular potential-energy calculations for solid C_${70}$ and determine the optimum static orientations of the molecules at low temperature; we find them to be consistent with the monoclinic structural model proposed by us in an earlier report [Solid State Commun. {\bf 105), 247 (1998)]. This model indicates that the C_5 axis of the molecule is tilted by an angle $\approx$18^o from the monoclinic b axis in contrast with the molecular orientation proposed by Verheijen {\it et al.} [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 166}, 287 (1992)] where the C_5 axis is parallel to the monoclinic b axis. In this calculation we have incorporated the effective bond charge Coulomb potential together with the Lennard-Jones potential between the molecule at the origin of the monoclinic unit cell and its six nearest neighbours, three above and three below. The minimum energy configuration for the molecular orientations turns out to be at $\theta$=18^o, $\phi$=8^o, and $\psi$=5^o, where $\theta$, $\phi$, and $\psi$ define the molecular orientations.Comment: ReVTeX (4 pages) + 2 PostScript figure

Primary and malignant cholangiocytes undergo CD40 mediated Fas dependent Apoptosis, but are insensitive to direct activation with exogenous fas ligand

Introduction Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract, the incidence of which is rising, but the pathogenesis of which remains uncertain. No common genetic defects have been described but it is accepted that chronic inflammation is an important contributing factor. We have shown that primary human cholangiocyte and hepatocyte survival is tightly regulated via co-operative interactions between two tumour necrosis family (TNF) receptor family members; CD40 and Fas (CD95). Functional deficiency of CD154, the ligand for CD40, leads to a failure of clearance of biliary tract infections and a predisposition to cholangiocarcinoma implying a direct link between TNF receptor-mediated apoptosis and the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Aims To determine whether malignant cholangiocytes display defects in CD40 mediated apoptosis. By comparing CD40 and Fas-mediated apoptosis and intracellular signalling in primary human cholangiocytes and three cholangiocyte cell lines. Results Primary cholangiocytes and cholangiocyte cell lines were relatively insensitive to direct Fas-mediated killing with exogenous FasL when compared with Jurkat cells, which readily underwent Fas-mediated apoptosis, but were extremely sensitive to CD154 stimulation. The sensitivity of cells to CD40 activation was similar in magnitude in both primary and malignant cells and was STAT-3 and AP-1 dependent in both. Conclusions 1) Both primary and malignant cholangiocytes are relatively resistant to Fas–mediated killing but show exquisite sensitivity to CD154, suggesting that the CD40 pathway is intact and fully functional in both primary and malignant cholangiocytes 2) The relative insensitivity of cholangiocytes to Fas activation demonstrates the importance of CD40 augmentation of Fas dependent death in these cells. Agonistic therapies which target CD40 and associated intracellular signalling pathways may be effective in promoting apoptosis of malignant cholangiocytes

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Terahertz emission from GaAs-AlGaAs core-shell nanowires on Si(100) substrate: Effects of applied magnetic field and excitation wavelength

Terahertz (THz) emission from GaAs-AlGaAs core-shell nanowires (CSNW) on silicon (100) substrates was investigated using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The applied magnetic field polarity dependence strongly suggests that THz emission originated from photo-carriers in the CSNWs. Optical excitation of the GaAs-AlGaAs core-shell yielded a wider THz emission bandwidth compared with that of just the GaAs core material. This result is currently attributed to faster carrier lifetimes in the AlGaAs shell. The THz emission spectral data are supported by time-resolved photoluminescence studies. © 2013 American Institute of Physics

First Measurement of the Branching Fraction of the Decay psi(2S) --> tau tau

The branching fraction of the psi(2S) decay into tau pair has been measured for the first time using the BES detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The result is $B_{\tau\tau}=(2.71\pm 0.43 \pm 0.55) \times 10^{-3}$, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. This value, along with those for the branching fractions into e+e- and mu+mu of this resonance, satisfy well the relation predicted by the sequential lepton hypothesis. Combining all these values with the leptonic width of the resonance the total width of the psi(2S) is determined to be $(252 \pm 37)$ keV.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure