Katoneng-Katoneng Cawir Metua: a Cultural Expression of Karo Society

Katoneng-katoneng adalah nyanyian tradisional etnik Karo di Sumatera Utara yang diciptakan secara spontan menggunakan melodi tetap namun dengan teks baru sesuai situasi dan konteksnya (strophic logogenic). Digunakan dalam berbagai aktivitas sosial budaya masyarakat Karo, salah satunya ialah pada upacara cawirmetua (kematian seseorang yang dipandang telah sesuai dengan cita-cita dan harapan masyarakat Karo). Penelitian ini mengkaji fungsi dan makna tekstual katoneng-katoneng sebagai ekspresi kultural masyarakat pemiliknya dengan menggunakan teori kesenian (seni pertunjukan), etnomusikologi, semiotika, dan antropologi. Pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung, wawancara, dan perekaman. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan informan kunci yaitu tokoh adat, sierjabaten (pemusik), perkolong-kolong (penyanyi katoneng-katoneng) dan masyarakat pemiliknya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa katoneng-katoneng adalah ungkapan tentang berbagai hal: pesan-pesan dan nasehat, do\u27a, harapan, cita-cita, keteladanan, keteguhan hidup, nilai-nilai kegotong-royongan, tujuan hidup di dunia, dan lainnya yang disampaikan oleh penyanyi professional perkolong-kolong mewakili orang yang meninggal dan unsur-unsur kerabat sangkep nggeluh (rakut sitelu) dengan cara bernyanyi. Fungsi dan makna teks mengacu kepada cita-cita dan konsep-konsep budaya Karo

Researching Students' Interaction in Collaborative Learning Class

Interaction as a part of students' collaboration is an important aspect that needs to be considered in the teaching and learning process. An active interaction among students stimulates collaboration in their prior knowledge, perspectives and background experiences which later promote their high- level learning. It also affects the development of students' learning process in the classroom. Nowadays, studies on interaction elaborate and become something challenging. Many theories have been developed by researchers, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses based on its needs and goals. In this study, the writer presents a library study of the types of students' interaction and also a theory on researching students' interaction developed by Kumpulainen and Wray. They have proposed three analytical dimensions of interaction namely: 1. the functions of verbal interaction which focuses on students' verbal language, the character, and purpose of students utterances in peer group interaction, 2. cognitive processing that examined the ways in which students approached and processed learning tasks in their social interaction,3. social processing which examines the nature of the social relationships that were developed during students' social activity. These elements are related and connected each other. However, a different kind of analysis is needed in order to analyze the elements through their analytic purposes

Municipal Organic Waste as Substrate of Bioenergy and Fertilizer Production

Municipal solid waste is still a big problem in the cities of Indonesia especially in the Capital and capital of province. Open dumping in TPA is operated through all of Indonesian cities, this bring to consequences a bad influence to the environment. Conversion of Organic solid waste either to energy or biofertilizer is one of the best choices on the solid waste management. These methods will create a good manageable of cities environment, producing fertilizer for the farmer, energy for the communal and jobs for the people. Municipal organic wastes were grinded andfermented in anaerobic aerobic conditions. Anaerobic conditions produce rrydrogen or methane as bioenergy meanwhile aerobic fermentation was used to get either compost or liquid oiofertilizer. The result of Bioenergy and biofertilizer production showed that Municipal organic waste has a great potential as substrate for bioenergy such as hydrogen and methane or substrate for biofertilizer. The biofertilizer could be either as compost or liquid biofertilizer which are rich with growth promoting substances produces by specific bacteria during municipal organic solid waste fermentation

Analysis of Neutron Flux Distribution in Rsg-Gas Reactor with U-Mo Fuels

The use of U-Mo fuels in research reactors seems to be promising and, recently, world researchers have carried out these such activities actively. The National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) which owns RSG-GAS reactor available in Serpong Research Center for Atomic Energy should anticipate this trend. It is, therefore, this research work on the use of U-Mo fuels in RSG-GAS reactor should be carried out. The work was focused on the analysis of neutron flux distribution in the RSG-GAS reactor using different content of molybdenum in U-Mo fuels. To begin with, RSG-GAS reactor core model was developed and simulated into X, Y and Z dimensions. Cross section of materials based on the developed cells of standard and control fuels was then generated using WIMS-D5-B. The criticality calculations were finally carried out applying BATAN-2DIFF code. The results showed that the neutron flux distribution obtained in U-Mo-fuel-based RSG-GAS core is very similar to those achieved in the 300-gram sillicide-fuel-based RSG-GAS reactor core. Indeed, the utilization of the U-Mo RSG-GAS core can be very similar to that of the high-density sillicide reactor core and even could be better in the future

Biooegraoasi Senyawa Aromatik Oleh Pseudomonas SP Isolat I4 Dari Tablet Bakteri

Biodegradation test of aromatic compounds by pure cultureof bacterial isolate I4 from bacterial tablet using mineral mediumas growth medium was done. Aromatic compounds tested ascarbon sources used were phenol, p-chlorphenol, p-nitrophenol,2,4 dichlorphenol and benzene. The oval colony forming and highmotility isolate is an aerobic and gram negatif bacteria. Theisolate was able to use citric acid as carbon source, producedacid .from methyl red test and gave negative result of indol test.The isolate formed a slightly blue-green colour colony on agarslant, and it did not use ethanol as carbon source. Thecharacteristic of the isolate I4 indicated that it belonged to thegenus Pseudomonas. Test using selective media confirmed thatthe isolate I4 is a Pseudomonas fluorescence. The capability ofthe bacteria to oxidize of 2,4 dichlorphenol was relatively fast.Experimental results showed that the bacteri grew on benzene atconcentration of 10% (v/v), and degraded 2,4 dichlophenol withrelatively high rate

Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis SP in Medium Enriched with Magnesium

Micro-algae are to be an attractive way to produce bio-diesel due to high photosynthetic yields and lipid accumulation in cells. This high productivity combined with possibility to uptake CO2 stimulated its utilization as a biological mitigation method of CO2, at once as an alternative renewable source of energy. Growth characteristics and chemical composition of micro-algae can be altered by culture environment. Nutrient sufficiency,included magnesium element (Mg2+) is important factors on overall biochemical composition. In study, Nannochloropsis sp was cultivated in Erlenmeyer 250 ml containing 200 ml f/2 medium. There are three groups of treatment with different levelof magnesium (Mg2+), i.e. 0 (M0); 0.1mgL-1 (M1); and 1.0 mgL-1 (M2). All treatment was designed triplicate in batch system. Culture was then aerated continuously with sterile atmospheric air (1.5 L.min-1). Cells were harvested on 25th day after inoculation and analyzed. Data showed that Chlorophyll-a increased linearly with time and maximum at 18th days of growth period, i.e. 23.57; 26.44; and 27.74mgL-1, for M0; M1; and M2,respectively. Chlorophyll-a content decreased significantly when pH dropped to 5-6.Enrichment with Mg2+ increased the chlorophyll-a content 12.2-17.7%. Dry cell reached 375-400mgL-1 in all treatment. Lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp in control (M0) is 55.3%, higher than M1 and M2. Saturated fatty acid tends to increase from 80.70 (M0)to 96.70 (M1) and 94.53% (M2). Fatty acid of M0 and M1 was composed dominantly by palmitic acid (C16:0), i.e. 49.19-70.75% total fatty acids. Meanwhile, M2 treatment was dominantly by lauric acid (C12:0), i.e. 32.98%

Validasi Paket Program Nodal3 Untuk Kasus Statis Benchmark Teras Reaktor Pwr

VALIDASI PAKET PROGRAM NODAL3 UNTUK KASUS STATIS TERAS BENCHMARK REAKTOR PWR. Persamaan difusi neutron dengan metode nodal telah menjadi metode standar dalam perhitungan parameter neutronik teras reaktor daya air ringan, seperti reaktor air bertekanan (PWR) atau air mendidih (BWR), karena waktu komputasi yang cepat dan hasilnya akurat. Paket program NODAL3 telah dikembangkan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan difusi neutron dengan metode nodal polinom (PNM) dalam geometri 3-dimensi (3-D). Validasi hasil perhitungan NODAL3 untuk kasus statis teras benchmark reaktor PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor), seperti IAEA-2D, BIBLIS, KOEBERG dan IAEA-3D, disajikan dalam penelitian ini. Teras benchmark yang dipilih mewakili kasus 2-D dan 3-D dan mempunyai karaktristik yang berbeda, sehingga dapat menentukan keakuratan NODAL3 dari aspek neutronik yang luas. Parameter neutronik statis yang dihitung adalah faktor perlipatan efektif, keff, faktor puncak daya (FPD) dan profil distribusi FPD ke arah aksial. Dibandingkan dengan acuan, hasil perhitungan NODAL3 menunjukkan bahwa untuk nilai keff terdapat perbedaan maksimum sebesar 0,006% (Δk). Sedangkan untuk FPD radial dan FPD aksial maksimum, selisih maksimum dengan acuan masing-masing sebesar -0,006 dan 0,051. Untuk kasus 3-D, hasil perhitungan NODAL3 konsisten dengan hasil perhitungan paket program nodal tervalidasi PARCS dan NESTLE. Riset ini menunjukkan bahwa akurasi paket program NODAL3 dalam menghitung parameter neutronik teras benchmark reaktor PWR, baik kasus 2-D dan 3-D, menunjukkan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Oleh karena itu, paket program NODAL3 siap untuk diaplikasikan dalam analisis neutronik reaktor PWR yang riil

Budaya Organisasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Studi Kasus FISIP UNPAR

Organizational culture as a share value and norm which is always integrated toorganization in directing the organization member ineractions to face internaland external challenges. Therefore it is an importand aspect of organization tounderstand and manage for making organization more efective to achiev their goals.Fisip UNPAR as an organization also develop its culture as it is regarded can facetheir challenges.The purpose of research is to descrive the type of cultural orientation of fisip unparfrom the cultural typology, Power culture, role culture, achievement culture andsupport culture as state by Harrison, in the reseacrh question what is the existingculture today and what is prefered by its members, Is there any gap between it, andis there a significance relationship between culture and job satisfaction.Research is conducted through case studies method, with data gathered byquessioner technique about the perception of organization members, based on somedimension or indicator cultural type which have develope by some author and datais analysed by mean, compare means, and correlation test.The result of research find that the existing currently culture from the high tothe low are that Role Culture Orientation with mean score 35,40, AchievementCulture Orientation 33,91, Support Culture Orientation, 30,60 and Power CultureOrientation 30,04. The prefered culture orientation are Achievement CultureOrientataion 41,51, Role Culture Orientation 34,51, Support Culture Orientation30,53. and Power Culture Orientation 23,20.Based on pairs samples test was conducted by SPSS program, find that there are asignificance different for achievement and power culture orientation currently withprefered.Level of job satisfaction which is measured by six dimension is that work itself,compenzation, co-worker, supervision, advancement and facility with the scale veryshigh, high, moderate, and low of job satisfaction is high.The relationship between culture orientation and job satisfaction with the hypotesisthe lower the gab beetween existing culture and prefered culture, the higher jobsatisfaction. Based on spearman correlation test there is no significance correlation.Based on the research findings that is the achievement culture is prefer moredominant and power culture not dominant and there is a significance gab betweenit. It is need to decrease the existing power culture and reinforce the existingachievement culture