Analisa Penyebab Penurunan Daya Saing Produk Susu Sapi Dalam Negeri Terhadap Susu Sapi Impor Pada Industri Pengolahan Susu (IPS) Dengan Metode Fault Tree Analysis (Fta) Dan Barrier Analysis

Produk peternakan sapi perah Indonesia dituntut untuk dapat bersaing ketat dengan produk negara lain, bukan untuk bersaing pada pasar Internasional tapi justru pasar dalam negeri Indonesia. Namun kondisi yang ada pada saat ini, produk susu perah lokal kuantitasnya tidak mampu mencukupi permintaan Industri Pengolahan Susu (IPS), kualitas tidak memenuhi standard milk codex, dan harga lebih tinggi dari susu impor, membuat peternak lokal kalah bersaing dengan negara-negara pengekspor susu dunia. IPS di Indonesia lebih memilih menggunakan susu impor dengan kualitas lebih baik dan harga lebih murah dari susu lokal. Mengingat kondisi geografi dan ekologis di Indonesia sebenarnya cocok untuk pengembangan peternakan sapi perah (agribisnis persusuan) serta besarnya permintaan susu dalam negeri, sebenarnya peternakan sapi perah Indonesia dapat lebih kompetitif. Oleh karena itu penting untuk dilakukan analisa mengidentifikasi akar penyebab masalah dari rendahnya daya saing susu sapi Indonesia terhadap susu sapi impor pada IPS. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa dengan metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) untuk mengetahui akar penyebab terjadinya suatu permasalahan. Sedangkan Barrier Analysis adalah proses sistematik yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan fisik, administrasi dan prosedur atau mengontrol tindakan pencegahan masalah yang dapat mencegah masalah terjadi kembali. Hasil analisa menunjukkan permasalahan utama lebih dominan disebabkan oleh faktor intern peternakan sendiri. Dari penelusuran akar penyebab permasalahan, dibuat troubleshooting yang berisi petunjuk pemecahan masalah jika permasalahan tersebut terjadi kembali baik troubleshooting permasalahan produktifitas, kuantitas, harga susu segar lokal yang tidak kompetitif terhadap susu segar impor dan rekomendasi tindakan perbaikan yang meliputi aspek man, methode, material, machine, mother nature, dan maintenance. Kata-kunci : daya saing, analisa pohon keputusan, barrier analysis, troubleshooting Indonesian dairy products are required to compete with products of other countries, not to compete on International markets but that the Indonesian domestic market. But the conditions that exist at this ndtime, local dairy milk products are not able to meet the demand quantity Milk Processing Industries (IPS), quality does not meet the standard codex milk, and milk prices are higher than imports, making local farmers unable to compete with dairy-exporting countries world. IPS in Indonesia prefer to use imported milk with better quality and cheaper prices than local milk. Given the geograph and ecology of the land in Indonesia was suitable for the development of dairy cattle (dairy agribusiness) and the huge domestic demand for milk, dairy cattle Indonesia actually can be more competitive. It is therefore important to do an analysis to identify the root cause of the problem of low competitiveness of Indonesian cow\u27s milk to cow\u27s milk imports in the IPS. The analysis method used was analysis by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to determine the root cause of a problem. While Barrier Analysis is a systematic process used to identify physical barriers, administrative and control procedures or precautionary measures to prevent the problems that the problem occurs again. Results of analysis showed the main problem is more dominant livestock affected by internal factors alone. By studying the root causes of problems, made ​​troubleshooting that contains troubleshooting tips for when problems occur again either troubleshooting the problems of productivity, quantity, price of local fresh milk which is not competitive against imports of fresh milk and recommend remedial action that includes aspects of man, method, material, machine , mother nature, and maintenance

Selection of cellulolytic fungi isolated from diverse substrates.

The aim of the present work was to select filamentous fungi isolated from diverse substrates to obtain the strains with potential to produce the hydrolytic enzymes. From a total of 215 strains, seven strains from the soils, six from the plants and one from sugarcane bagasse were selected and identified as belonging to the Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus genera. The best hydrolytic activities obtained by semi-solid fermentation using these strains were approximately: 35; 1; 160; 170 and 120 U/gdm (CMCase, FPase, ?-glucosidase, xylanase and polygalacturonase, respectively), demonstrating their potential to synthesize the enzymes compared with the results reported in the literature

Network patterns and strength of orbital currents in layered cuprates

In a frame of the $t-J-G$ model we derive the microscopical expression for the circulating orbital currents in layered cuprates using the anomalous correlation functions. In agreement with $\mu$-on spin relaxation ($\mu$SR), nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) and inelastic neutron scattering(INS) experiments in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ we successfully explain the order of magnitude and the monotonous increase of the {\it internal} magnetic fields resulting from these currents upon cooling. However, the jump in the intensity of the magnetic fields at T$_c$ reported recently seems to indicate a non-mean-field feature in the coexistence of current and superconducting states and the deviation of the extended charge density wave vector instability from its commensurate value {\bf Q}$\approx(\pi,\pi$) in accordance with the reported topology of the Fermi surface

Thinking about Later Life: Insights from the Capability Approach

A major criticism of mainstream gerontological frameworks is the inability of such frameworks to appreciate and incorporate issues of diversity and difference in engaging with experiences of aging. Given the prevailing socially structured nature of inequalities, such differences matter greatly in shaping experiences, as well as social constructions, of aging. I argue that Amartya Sen’s capability approach (2009) potentially offers gerontological scholars a broad conceptual framework that places at its core consideration of human beings (their values) and centrality of human diversity. As well as identifying these key features of the capability approach, I discuss and demonstrate their relevance to thinking about old age and aging. I maintain that in the context of complex and emerging identities in later life that shape and are shaped by shifting people-place and people-people relationships, Sen’s capability approach offers significant possibilities for gerontological research

Infrared spectroscopy of eruptive variable protostars from VVV

In a companion work (Paper I), we detected a large population of highly variable Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey, typically with class I or flat spectrum spectral energy distributions and diverse light-curve types. Here we present infrared spectra (0.9–2.5??m) of 37 of these variables, many of them observed in a bright state. The spectra confirm that 15/18 sources with eruptive light curves have signatures of a high accretion rate, either showing EXor-like emission features (?v = 2 CO, Br?) and/or FUor-like features (?v = 2 CO and H2O strongly in absorption). Similar features were seen in some long-term periodic YSOs and faders but not in dippers or short-term variables. The sample includes some dusty Mira variables (typically distinguished by smooth Mira-like light curves), two cataclysmic variables and a carbon star. In total, we have added 19 new objects to the broad class of eruptive variable YSOs with episodic accretion. Eruptive variable YSOs in our sample that were observed at bright states show higher accretion luminosities than the rest of the sample. Most of the eruptive variables differ from the established FUor and EXor subclasses, showing intermediate outburst durations and a mixture of their spectroscopic characteristics. This is in line with a small number of other recent discoveries. Since these previously atypical objects are now the majority amongst embedded members of the class, we propose a new classification for them as MNors. This term (pronounced emnor) follows V1647 Ori, the illuminating star of McNeil's Nebula