The Roles of Telescreen and Thought Police as the Surveillance Media to Sustain Totalitarian Power in George Orwell\u27s Nineteen Eighty-four

Keywords: literature, totalitarian, surveillance, Nineteen Eighty-Four.Surveillance becomes a major feature in panopticon prison which is promoted by Jeremy Bentham in eighteenth century. The word surveillance is derived from French language, surveiller, which means observing. Inside the prison, each individual is constantly monitored as a way of disciplined approach them to follow the rules. The thesis discusses about the surveillance is used by totalitarian governments to maintain power. George Orwell\u27s Nineteen Eighty-Fourdepicts the government and state oppression over its population. In which, every individual in the society is observed constantly as the effort to maintain the status quo.The writer specifically analyzes how the government maintaining its power by means of telescreen and Thought Police in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The writer combines Foucault\u27s panopticism and Hannah Arendt\u27s totalitarianism theories to approach the work because those theories can help the writer to explore of how the totalitarian government maintain the status quo using the surveillance medium.The result of this research shows several functions from telescreen and Thought Police in surveillance medium as a means to maintain the totalitarian power. Telescreen functions as a surveillance practice can be divided into two major levels, societal and individual levels. While the Thought Police functions as a secret agent organization, which responsibles to operate surveillance system. Both are the government\u27s instruments which have important roles in maintaining the status quo of totaliarian regime.The writer\u27s suggestion for the further research\u27s Nineteen Eighty-Four, novel can be analyzed by using psychological approach because it depicts the psychological condition of individual and society whenever oppressed by the surveillance activities done by the government

Kontribusi Sektor Pertanian terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Riau

Agricultural sector plays a very important role in economic growth of each country. Even though itscountribution has decreased continously compared with other sectors, but its contribution to labourforce in reducing unemployment is significant. The economic transformation from agriculture sector toindustrial sector is a characteristic of developed country. In this respect, capital and labour, an withrate play pivotal role for agriculture development. Therefore the objective of this paper is to measurethe countribution the agriculture sector towards economic development. Gross Domestic Product(GDP), is used as a proxy of economic growth. All the independent variables in this research areagriculture sector (Gp), industrial sector (Gi), and service sector (Gs), Due to multivariatemulticolinearity amongs independent variable area was removed.The result of OLS regression shows that the elasticity of the agriculture sector contribute for 2.77percent,industrial sector was 3.00, and Service sector was 16.83. This means that an increase theeconomic growth as much as 2.77 per cent, likewise, an increase of one per cent in each of bothindustrial and service sectors would increase the economic growth, as much as 3.00 percent and 16.83percent

Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Sains Bermuatan Nilai Ketuhanan Dan Kecintaan Terhadap Lingkungan

The purposes of this research were to develop the multimedia learning in science that consist of devinity and love of the environment that validated and to know the attractiveness, easiness, and usefulness, along with effectiveness of the product. The development of multimedia was began with informed analysis and formulated the purpose, collected basic materials, made the synopsis and initial manuscripts to produce prototype I. The prototype I was evaluated by the material and media experts, limited test and revised to the end of the manuscript. Then a product tested in the field before produced the final products. This research applied one group pretest. The result of internal test by expert is stated that the product is suitable as a learning media. The result of external test by user stated that using multimedia has excellent of attractiveness quality, excellent of ease quality, and excellent of expediency quality and multimedia effectiveness in learning with student’s percentages result of learning more than 80% of KKM from knowledge, affective, and skilled.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran sains bermuatan nilai ketuhanan dan kecintaan terhadap lingkungan yang divalidasi, mengetahui kemenarikan, kemudahan dan kemanfaatan serta keefektifan produk. Pengembangan produk diawali dengan analisis kebutuhan dan merumuskan tujuan, mengumpulkan pokok materi, membuat sinopsis dan naskah awal untuk memproduksi prototipe I. Prototipe I dievaluasi oleh ahli, uji terbatas dan direvisi menjadi naskah akhir. Sebelum dihasilkan produk final produk diuji di lapangan. Hasil uji internal dinyatakan bahwa produk layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Hasil uji lapangan oleh pengguna, dinyatakan bahwa multimedia yang digunakan memiliki kualitas kemenarikan, kemudahan dan kemanfaatan sangat baik, serta produk efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan presentase hasil belajar siswa lebih dari 80% tuntas KKM dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan

Karya Bidang Pembuatan dan Pengelolaan Website “Wawasan.co” (Reporter 2, Admin 2, dan Videographer)

Saat ini, industri media di Indonesia saling terintegrasi antara media cetak dengan media online. Portal berita online digunakan untuk mempublikasikan berita yang dihasilkan oleh media cetak. Karya bidang jurnalistik ini berawal dari keresahan karena tidak dikelolanya portal berita online milik Harian Wawasan. Kami bekerjasama dengan Harian Wawasan untuk membuat dan mengelola portal berita online www.wawasan.co. Tujuannya yaitu menyediakan dan membagikan informasi seputar Jawa Tengah. Segmentasi dari www.wawasan.co yaitu anak muda yang hidup di Jawa Tengah khususnya Semarang.Dalam proses pengelolaanya, penulis berperan sebagai reporter 2, admin 2, serta videographer. Sebagai reporter 2, penulis melakukan penulisan artikel dan pengambilan foto/gambar pada rubrik Komunitas, Pesona, Musik & Film, Galeria, dan Kuliner. Sebagai admin 2, penulis bertanggung jawab mengunggah berita pada rubrik Semarang dan membagikannya melalui akun sosial media Twitter, Facebook, dan Fanpage Facebook. Sebagai videographer, penulis mengambil gambar dan melakukan proses editing.Selama proses pengelolaan website, Wawasan.co berhasil memenuhi target sebanyak 6.856 visitors, dengan rincian 258 visitors per hari, dan 1.500 visitors per bulannya dengan target awal 50 visitors per hari. Tim Wawasan.co juga berhasil mengunggah 69 artikel dan 7 video dari target 60 artikel selama project berlangsung.Dari hasil evaluasi diketahui bahwa sebesar 93% khalayak tahu keberadaanWawasan.co dan 95 % berminat untuk mengunjungi Wawasan.co

Desain Bendung Kaligending Pada Daerah Non Cekungan Air Tanah (Non – Cat)

In 1992, Kaligending Weir was Built at Kaligending Village, Karangsambung District in Kebumen. In 1998 the Kaligending Weir was dismantled due to the flood at Karangsambung which the people considered was caused by the weir. this made the water unable to enter the intake and made the Irigated area not being supplied by the water from Kaligending Weir. The Kaligending Weir is located on non groundwater area. At non-Groundwater basin, water flows only on the soil water zone, meanwhile at groundwater basin, there are water flow in the ground water zone layer. Calculating the water availability is needed to fulfill the irigated water demand. Water availability is calculated using modified F.J. Mock Method. Kaligending Weir was constructed at Luk Ulo River with a 253,52 km2 basin area and 2984 Ha irrigated area. Kaligending Weir is planned by using 1361,19 m3/s flood discharge with a 50 years period calculated by FSR JAWA SUMATERA method. Kaligending Weir uses a 3,7 tall round crest. The stilling basin is 39 m long and 7,72 m wide. By considering the volume and unit price, Kaligending Weir cost Rp. 133,796,306,000

The early asthmatic response is associated with glycolysis, calcium binding and mitochondria activity as revealed by proteomic analysis in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The inhalation of allergens by allergic asthmatics results in the early asthmatic response (EAR), which is characterized by acute airway obstruction beginning within a few minutes. The EAR is the earliest indicator of the pathological progression of allergic asthma. Because the molecular mechanism underlying the EAR is not fully defined, this study will contribute to a better understanding of asthma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to gain insight into the molecular basis of the EAR, we examined changes in protein expression patterns in the lung tissue of asthmatic rats during the EAR using 2-DE/MS-based proteomic techniques. Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic data was then performed using PPI Spider and KEGG Spider to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 44 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in the 2-DE gels. Of these 44 protein spots, 42 corresponded to 36 unique proteins successfully identified using mass spectrometry. During subsequent bioinformatic analysis, the gene ontology classification, the protein-protein interaction networking and the biological pathway exploration demonstrated that the identified proteins were mainly involved in glycolysis, calcium binding and mitochondrial activity. Using western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we confirmed the changes in expression of five selected proteins, which further supports our proteomic and bioinformatic analyses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results reveal that the allergen-induced EAR in asthmatic rats is associated with glycolysis, calcium binding and mitochondrial activity, which could establish a functional network in which calcium binding may play a central role in promoting the progression of asthma.</p

Genetics of asthma: a molecular biologist perspective

Asthma belongs to the category of classical allergic diseases which generally arise due to IgE mediated hypersensitivity to environmental triggers. Since its prevalence is very high in developed or urbanized societies it is also referred to as "disease of civilizations". Due to its increased prevalence among related individuals, it was understood quite long back that it is a genetic disorder. Well designed epidemiological studies reinforced these views. The advent of modern biological technology saw further refinements in our understanding of genetics of asthma and led to the realization that asthma is not a disorder with simple Mendelian mode of inheritance but a multifactorial disorder of the airways brought about by complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Current asthma research has witnessed evidences that are compelling researchers to redefine asthma altogether. Although no consensus exists among workers regarding its definition, it seems obvious that several pathologies, all affecting the airways, have been clubbed into one common category called asthma. Needless to say, genetic studies have led from the front in bringing about these transformations. Genomics, molecular biology, immunology and other interrelated disciplines have unearthed data that has changed the way we think about asthma now. In this review, we center our discussions on genetic basis of asthma; the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. Taking cue from the existing data we would briefly ponder over the future directions that should improve our understanding of asthma pathogenesis

Short-range interactions between fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells in COPD bronchial inflammatory response

Bronchi of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the site of extensive cell infiltration, allowing persistent contact between resident cells and immune cells. Tissue fibrocytes interaction with CD8+ T cells and its consequences were investigated using a combination of in situ, in vitro experiments and mathematical modeling. We show that fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells are found in the vicinity of distal airways and that potential interactions are more frequent in tissues from COPD patients compared to those of control subjects. Increased proximity and clusterization between CD8+ T cells and fibrocytes are associated with altered lung function. Tissular CD8+ T cells from COPD patients promote fibrocyte chemotaxis via the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis. Live imaging shows that CD8+ T cells establish short-term interactions with fibrocytes, that trigger CD8+ T cell proliferation in a CD54- and CD86-dependent manner, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, CD8+T cell cytotoxic activity against bronchial epithelial cells and fibrocyte immunomodulatory properties. We defined a computational model describing these intercellular interactions and calibrated the parameters based on our experimental measurements. We show the model’s ability to reproduce histological ex vivo characteristics, and observe an important contribution of fibrocyte-mediated CD8+ T cell proliferation in COPD development. Using the model to test therapeutic scenarios, we predict a recovery time of several years, and the failure of targeting chemotaxis or interacting processes. Altogether, our study reveals that local interactions between fibrocytes and CD8+ T cells could jeopardize the balance between protective immunity and chronic inflammation in the bronchi of COPD patientsDéveloppement d'un " bronchioïde " 3D pour modéliser la Broncho Pneumopathie Chronique Obstructiv

Glucocorticoid and Estrogen Receptors Are Reduced in Mitochondria of Lung Epithelial Cells in Asthma

Mitochondrial glucocorticoid (mtGR) and estrogen (mtER) receptors participate in the coordination of the cell’s energy requirement and in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzyme (OXPHOS) biosynthesis, affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induction of apoptosis. Although activation of mtGR and mtER is known to trigger anti-inflammatory signals, little information exists on the presence of these receptors in lung tissue and their role in respiratory physiology and disease. Using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation disease and applying confocal microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and Western blot analysis we showed mitochondrial localization of GRα and ERβ in lung tissue. Allergic airway inflammation caused reduction in mtGRα, mtERβ, and OXPHOS enzyme biosynthesis in lung cells mitochondria and particularly in bronchial epithelial cells mitochondria, which was accompanied by decrease in lung mitochondrial mass and induction of apoptosis. Confirmation and validation of the reduction of the mitochondrial receptors in lung epithelial cells in human asthma was achieved by analyzing autopsies from fatal asthma cases. The presence of the mitochondrial GRα and ERβ in lung tissue cells and especially their reduction in bronchial epithelial cells during allergic airway inflammation suggests a crucial role of these receptors in the regulation of mitochondrial function in asthma, implicating their involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease