Kylä pohjoisessa:Suvannon kylän kulttuuriympäristöselvitys ja maisemasuunnitelma

Tiivistelmä. Diplomityö sijoittuu Pelkosenniemellä sijaitsevaan Suvannon kylään, joka on valtakunnallisesti merkittävä kulttuuriympäristö. Kauniissa ja viljavassa jokilaaksossa sijaitsevalla kylällä on pitkä historia. 1900-luvun alussa elinvoimaisimmillaan oleva kylä hyötyi omavaraisesta maataloudesta, mutta elinkeinorakenteen muutoksen vuoksi kylän väestö on pienentynyt jatkuvasti. Tämän myötä kaunis kylämiljöö on muuttunut suuresti. Rakennukset ovat huonossa kunnossa ja perinnemaisemalle tyypilliset luonnonniityt ovat alkaneet kasvaa umpeen. Tämä työ pyrkii löytämään vastauksia perinnemaiseman säilyttämiseksi ja palauttamiseksi. Diplomityössä perehdytään kylän historiaan, luontoon ja elinkeinoihin. Suvannon vieressä virtaavan Kitisen patoamisen vaikutukset kylään on nostettu omaksi teemaksi. Nykytilanteeseen on pureuduttu laajan maisema-analyysin kautta, joka selvittää muuttunutta maisemaa ja luo pohjan työssä esiteltävälle maisemasuunnitelmalle. Maisemasuunnitelmassa on esitetty keinoja muuttuneiden alueiden palauttamiseksi ja säilyneiden alueiden suojelemiseksi. Suvannossa tarvitaan mittavia maisemanhoidollisia toimenpiteitä, kuten metsien ja pensoittuneiden alueiden raivausta, laidunnusta ja niittoa. Tavoitteena on mahdollisimman monimuotoinen ja perinteitä kunnioittava, viihtyisä kyläympäristö. Suunnitelmassa on etsitty keinoja myös kylämaiseman elävöittämiselle ja mahdollisen matkailun lisääntymiselle. Diplomityö ottaa kantaa myös Suvannon osayleiskaavaan, jossa on ongelmallisia kohtia maisemanhoidon toteuttamiseksi. Työn lopussa esitellään yhden pihapiirin kunnostussuunnitelma, jota voidaan pitää esimerkkinä myös kylän muiden pihapiirien hoidolle. Diplomityö toimii toivon mukaan ponnahduslautana ja ohjenuorana Suvannossa tapahtuvalle pitkäjänteiselle perinnetyölle, jonka avulla valtakunnallisesti arvokas kulttuuriympäristö saataisiin säilytettyä

Puukerrostalo Oulun Linnanmaalle

Tiivistelmä. Kandidaatintyönä suunnittelin puukerrostalon Oulun Linnanmaalle. Työ koostuu kolmesta kurssista, asemakaavasuunnittelusta (YS), asuntosuunnittelusta (NARK) ja kerrostalokurssista (RO). Näistä painotan työssäni asuntosuunnittelun osuutta. Asemakaavasuunnittelussa pohdittiin Linnanmaantien, Alakyläntien ja Syynimaan välisen alueen maankäyttöä ja sen pohjalta toteutin yleissuunnitelman, sekä asemakaavaehdotuksen. Ehdotuksessani halusin kannustaa ihmisiä liikkumaan parantamalla samalla alueen monimuotoisuutta. Asukkaille halusin taata hyvät liikenneyhteydet, runsaat aktiviteetit ja mielenkiintoisen luonnon suoraan pihalta. Asuntosuunnittelu toteutettiin kilpailuna, jossa piti suunnitella puukerrostalo Puulinnanmaan nurkassa sijaitsevalle tontille. Ehdotuksessani paneuduin puurakentamisen tuomiin mahdollisuuksiin luoda uudenlaista ja jännittävää opiskelija-asumista. Tuloksena oli asuntomoduuleista koostuva hiutalemainen rakenne, jonka jokaisessa sakarassa on asunto. Tämä mahdollistaa omakotitalomaisen asumisen jopa yksiöissä, joista näkymät avautuvat kolmeen ilmansuuntaan. Porraskäytävien välissä on yhteistiloja ja suurempia asuntoja. Muotokieleltään rakennus eroaa muusta rakennuskannasta, mutta ottaa pienipiirteisyydellään kantaa Puulinnanmaan rakeisuuteen. Kerrostalokurssin rakennusopin vaiheessa muutin työni rakennettavaan muotoon ja hioin suunnitelman detaljitasolle asti. Rakennuksesta tuli tätä kautta uskottava ja yksityiskohdista rakentui lopulta toimiva ja kaunis kokonaisuus. Pihan toiminnot tarkentuivat ja sen orgaaninen muotokieli tuli pehmentämään rakennuksen särmikkyyttä. Kandidaatintyöni tarjoaa uudenlaista näkökulmaa asuntosuunnitteluun ja luo uskoa puun käytettävyyteen ja mahdollisuuksiin myös kerrostalorakentamisessa. Tervetuloa tutustumaan työhöni

Toward community standards and software for whole-cell modeling

Whole-cell (WC) modeling is a promising tool for biological research, bioengineering, and medicine. However, substantial work remains to create accurate, comprehensive models of complex cells. Methods: We organized the 2015 Whole-Cell Modeling Summer School to teach WC modeling and evaluate the need for new WC modeling standards and software by recoding a recently published WC model in SBML. Results: Our analysis revealed several challenges to representing WC models using the current standards. Conclusion: We, therefore, propose several new WC modeling standards, software, and databases. Significance:We anticipate that these new standards and software will enable more comprehensive models

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Measurements of the pp → ZZ production cross section and the Z → 4ℓ branching fraction, and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at √s = 13 TeV

Four-lepton production in proton-proton collisions, pp -> (Z/gamma*)(Z/gamma*) -> 4l, where l = e or mu, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The ZZ production cross section, sigma(pp -> ZZ) = 17.2 +/- 0.5 (stat) +/- 0.7 (syst) +/- 0.4 (theo) +/- 0.4 (lumi) pb, measured using events with two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs produced in the mass region 60 4l) = 4.83(-0.22)(+0.23) (stat)(-0.29)(+0.32) (syst) +/- 0.08 (theo) +/- 0.12(lumi) x 10(-6) for events with a four-lepton invariant mass in the range 80 4GeV for all opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The results agree with standard model predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ. couplings at 95% confidence level: -0.0012 < f(4)(Z) < 0.0010, -0.0010 < f(5)(Z) < 0.0013, -0.0012 < f(4)(gamma) < 0.0013, -0.0012 < f(5)(gamma) < 0.0013

Comparative evaluation of analogue front-end designs for the CMS Inner Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration..The CMS Inner Tracker, made of silicon pixel modules, will be entirely replaced prior to the start of the High Luminosity LHC period. One of the crucial components of the new Inner Tracker system is the readout chip, being developed by the RD53 Collaboration, and in particular its analogue front-end, which receives the signal from the sensor and digitizes it. Three different analogue front-ends (Synchronous, Linear, and Differential) were designed and implemented in the RD53A demonstrator chip. A dedicated evaluation program was carried out to select the most suitable design to build a radiation tolerant pixel detector able to sustain high particle rates with high efficiency and a small fraction of spurious pixel hits. The test results showed that all three analogue front-ends presented strong points, but also limitations. The Differential front-end demonstrated very low noise, but the threshold tuning became problematic after irradiation. Moreover, a saturation in the preamplifier feedback loop affected the return of the signal to baseline and thus increased the dead time. The Synchronous front-end showed very good timing performance, but also higher noise. For the Linear front-end all of the parameters were within specification, although this design had the largest time walk. This limitation was addressed and mitigated in an improved design. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the three front-ends in the context of the CMS Inner Tracker operation requirements led to the selection of the improved design Linear front-end for integration in the final CMS readout chip.Peer reviewe