Material requirements for wind turbines

In this note, we provide updated estimates of the material intensities of 17 materials, in kg per MW of wind energy installed, based on the existing types of wind turbines.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

Climate change impact on the frequency of hydrometeorological extremes in the island of Crete

© 2019 by the authors. Frequency analysis on extreme hydrological and meteorological events under the effect of climate change is performed in the island of Crete. Data from Regional Climate Model simulations (RCMs) that follow three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) are used in the analysis. The analysis was performed for the 1985-2100 time period, divided into three equal-duration time slices (1985-2010, 2025-2050, and 2075-2100). Comparison between the results from the three time slices for the different RCMs under different RCP scenarios indicate that drought events are expected to increase in the future. The meteorological and hydrological drought indices, relative Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff index (SRI), are used to identify the number of drought events for each RCM. Results from extreme precipitation, extreme flow, meteorological and hydrological drought frequency analysis over Crete show that the impact of climate change on the magnitude of 100 years return period extreme events will also increase, along with the magnitude of extreme precipitation and flow events

European Climate Neutral Industry Competitiveness Scoreboard 2022

This policy brief is a self-standing summary based on the second annual report of European Climate Neutral Industry Scoreboard, which builds on the findings and framework developed in the study, ‘Climate neutral market opportunities and EU competitiveness’, conducted by the ICF and Cleantech Group for DG GROW in 2019-2020. The policy brief includes a short description of the scope of the study, a synthesis of the findings, summary scoreboards for the climate neutral solutions assessed and a summary of messages relevant for policy making The objective of the scoreboard is to assess the EU’s competitive position in climate-neutral solutions across important industrial ecosystems related to the energy transition. The previous assessment, the 2021 annual report, analysed 20 climate-neutral solutions, in the ecosystems of renewable energy, energy-intensive industry, mobility-transport-automotive, construction and electronics. This report provides an update of these 20 solutions and adds eight new climate-neutral solutions. The scoreboard is based on ten key indicators: public R&D investment, early and later stage private investment, patenting activity, number of innovating companies, employment, production, turnover, imports & exports and trade balance. For more details on the methodology, readers should consult the respective CIndECS technical document, on the protocol of the assessment methodology.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

Integrated use of satellite remote sensing, artificial neural networks, field spectroscopy, and GIS in estimating crucial soil parameters in terms of soil erosion

© 2019 by the authors. Soil erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation among others (salinization, compaction, reduction of organic matter, and non-point source pollution) and is a serious threat in the Mediterranean region. A number of soil properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), soil structure, particle size, permeability, and Calcium Carbonate equivalent (CaCO3), can be the key properties for the evaluation of soil erosion. In this work, several innovative methods (satellite remote sensing, field spectroscopy, soil chemical analysis, and GIS) were investigated for their potential in monitoring SOM, CaCO3, and soil erodibility (K-factor) of the Akrotiri cape in Crete, Greece. Laboratory analysis and soil spectral reflectance in the VIS-NIR (using either Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, or field spectroscopy data) range combined with machine learning and geostatistics permitted the spatial mapping of SOM, CaCO3, and K-factor. Synergistic use of geospatial modeling based on the aforementioned soil properties and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) erosion assessment model enabled the estimation of soil loss risk. Finally, ordinary least square regression (OLSR) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) methodologies were employed in order to assess the potential contribution of different approaches in estimating soil erosion rates. The derived maps captured successfully the SOM, the CaCO3, and the K-factor spatial distribution in the GIS environment. The results may contribute to the design of erosion best management measures and wise land use planning in the study region

Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Wind Energy in the European Union - 2024 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes utility-scale onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on technologies at a lower maturity level. Research and development trends are analysed, focussing particularly on the technology progress made in EU-funded research by the end of 2023 in view of SET-Plan targets. This report also assesses the EU’s global competitiveness within the wind value chain and identifies potential bottlenecks and supply risks.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Ocean Energy in the European Union - 2024 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve the 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent, included ocean energy in the technologies necessary for a transition to climate neutrality. Since then, ocean energy has been supported by multiple policy frameworks, including the Renewable Energy Directive (RED III), the Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy, Horizon Europe, the European Union's Blue Economy Strategy, and the State Aid Guidelines for Climate. These policies have created a favourable environment for the development and deployment of ocean energy technologies, which have the potential to contribute significantly to the European Union's energy mix and decarbonisation goals. The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of ocean energy technology, highlighting the progress made in recent years and the challenges that still need to be overcome. The report provides an analysis of R&D trends, focusing particularly on the technology progress made in EU-funded research until the end of 2023. It assesses the current status of ocean energy technologies, including tidal, wave, and other forms of ocean energy, and evaluates their potential to contribute to the European Union's energy mix.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Ocean Energy in the European Union – 2022 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal included ocean energy in the technologies necessary toward a transition to climate neutrality. The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of ocean energy technology. It provide an analysis of R&D development trends focussing particularly on the technology progress made in EU-funded research until end of 2021 in view of the SET-Plan targets. Moreover, this work provides an analysis on EU position and global competitiveness within the wind value chain and identifies potential bottlenecks and risks towards the targets formulated in the European Green Deal.JRC.C.7 - Knowledge for the Energy Unio

Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Ocean Energy in the European Union - 2023 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal included ocean energy in the technologies necessary toward a transition to climate neutrality. The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of ocean energy technology. It provides an analysis of R&D development trends focussing particularly on the technology progress made in EU-funded research until end of 2022 in view of the SET-Plan targets. Moreover, this work provides an analysis on EU position and global competitiveness within the ocean energy value chain and identifies potential bottlenecks and risks towards the targets formulated in the European Green Deal.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

Clean Energy Technology Observatory: Wind energy in the European Union - 2023 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on wind technologies at lower technological readiness levels (e.g. research and innovation information on airborne wind energy systems, vertical axis wind turbines and downwind rotors). Research and development trends are analysed, focussing particularly on the technology progress made in EU-funded research by the end of 2022 in view of SET-Plan targets. This report also assesses the EU’s global competitiveness within the wind value chain and identifies potential bottlenecks and supply risks.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic

European Climate Neutral Industry Competitiveness Scoreboard (CINDECS) - Annual Report 2022

This report is the second annual report of European Climate Neutral Industry Scoreboard, which builds on the findings and framework developed in the study, ‘Climate neutral market opportunities and EU competitiveness’, conducted by the ICF and Cleantech Group for DG GROW in 2019-2020. The objective of the scoreboard is to assess the EU’s competitive position in climate-neutral solutions across important industrial ecosystems related to the energy transition. The previous assessment, the 2021 annual report, analysed 20 climate-neutral solutions, in the ecosystems of renewable energy, energy-intensive industry, mobility-transport-automotive, construction and electronics. This report provides an update of these 20 solutions and adds eight new climate-neutral solutions. The scoreboard is based on ten key indicators: public R&D investment, early and later stage private investment, patenting activity, number of innovating companies, employment, production, turnover, imports & exports and trade balance. The analysis for each indicator is presented through a number of supporting sub-indicators, described in the summary of the assessment methodology, data collection and sources. For more details on the methodology, readers should consult the respective CIndECS technical document, on the protocol of the assessment methodology.JRC.C.7 - Energy Transition Insights for Polic