Juvenile development of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) under laboratory conditions

The juvenile development of Callinectes danae was investigated from megalopae obtained in neuston samples at Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The individuals were raised in the laboratory under constant temperature ( 25 +/- 1 C), filtered sea water from the collection location (35%), and natural photoperiod. Newly hatched Artemia sp. nauplii were offered as food on a daily basis and ornamental-fish food was also provided for the juveniles from the 4(th) stage on. Twelve stages of the juvenile phase were obtained. The main morphological features that allowed recognition of the first juvenile stage were drawn and described. All the subsequent stages obtained were examined and measured, and the main changes in relation to the first stage were recorded. Sexual dimorphism becomes apparent from the fourth juvenile stage onwards. Some appendages and morphological features proved to be of great importance in the identification of species, including the number of segments of the antennal flagellum and the number of setae on the maxilla and on the 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) maxillipeds. These can probably be used for future comparisons and species identifications.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias Botucatu, NEBECC,Dept Zool, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Nat Zool, BR-45031900 Vitoria da Conquista, BA, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias Botucatu, NEBECC,Dept Zool, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, BrazilCNPq: 553174/2008-8FAPESP: 04/15194-

Methamphetamine and cardiac disease among people with HIV infection

ObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk of cardiac disease compared to the general population. Methamphetamine use has been associated with structural heart disease and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease but has not been explored as a cause of cardiac disease among PWH. We sought to evaluate the association of methamphetamine use and cardiac disease among PWH.MethodsWe performed a case-control study of participant data in the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. Cases were defined as PWH with a history of myocardial infarction or a history of heart failure (systolic or diastolic). Covariates, including methamphetamine abuse/dependence, were assessed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong 3747 PWH, there was a history of myocardial infarction in 115 subjects (3.1%), and a history of heart failure in 41 (1.1%). Current or prior methamphetamine abuse/dependence was reported in 1036 (27.9%) and was not associated with myocardial infarction (P = 0.27) or heart failure (P = 0.84). In addition to traditional risk factors, variables associated with myocardial infarction included the presence of HIV infection (P = 0.01) and duration of HIV infection (P = 0.05). Variables associated with heart failure among PWH included older age, hypertension and myocardial infarction.ConclusionsNo association between methamphetamine abuse/dependence and a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or heart failure was found among PWH. Significant covariates for myocardial infarction and heart failure included traditional risk factors, the presence of HIV infection and the duration of HIV infection, emphasizing the need for optimal traditional cardiovascular risk factor management among PWH

Cross-sectional study of Ebola virus disease preparedness among National Health Service hospital trusts in England.

BACKGROUND: The largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is ongoing in West Africa. Air-travel data indicate that outside Africa, the UK is among the countries at greatest risk of importing a case of EVD. Hospitals in England were therefore instructed to prepare for the assessment and early management of suspected cases. However, the response of hospitals across England is undetermined. AIM: To evaluate the readiness of acute hospitals in England, and to describe the challenges experienced in preparing for suspected cases of EVD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using semi-structured telephone interviews and online surveys of all acute National Health Service (NHS) hospital trusts in England (hospital trusts are the vehicle by which one or more NHS hospitals in a geographical area are managed). FINDINGS: In total, 112 hospital trusts completed the survey. All interviewed hospital trusts reported undertaking preparedness activities for suspected cases of EVD, and 97% reported that they were ready to assess suspected cases. Most hospital trusts had considered scenarios in accident & emergency (97%). However, fewer hospital trusts had considered specific obstetric (61%) and paediatric scenarios (79%), the provision of ventilatory and renal support (75%), or resuscitation in the event of cardiorespiratory arrest (56%). Thirty-four hospital trusts reported issues with timely access to category A couriers for sample transportation. Challenges included the choice, use and procurement of personal protective equipment (71%), national guidance interpretation (62%) and resource allocation/management support (38%). CONCLUSION: English hospital trusts have engaged well with EVD preparedness. Although subsequent national guidance has addressed some issues identified in this study, there remains further scope for improvement, particularly in a practical direction, for acute care services encountering suspected cases of EVD