Urban Water Pricing: The Metro Manila and Metro Cebu Cases

Water is a critical commodity for human survival and a scarce resource that must be appropriately priced to ensure that it is not wastefully and unsuitably consumed. This Notes offers an optimal pricing scheme, together with suggestions on the improvement of the overall water resource management that could provide the proper environment by which such pricing scheme can succeed.urban management, water sector, water demand

Groundwater Supply in Metro Manila: Distribution, Environmental and Economic Assessment

Early studies on the groundwater supply of Metro Manila have indicated inefficient resource use that could lead to the eventual decline in the groundwater level, salt water intrusion, and other similar negative externalities. Based on the preceding premise, the paper intends to present a review and assessment of how groundwater resources are developed and utilized in Metro Manila. The study has evaluated technical reports and published literature. It has also adopted water balance models as well as Long-Run Marginal Cost methodologies in calculating the groundwater potential and cost of groundwater pumping. Through these methodologies, the study requires the incorporation of environmental externalities in valuing the unit cost of groundwater extraction. Specific suggestions concerning monitoring systems, aquifer characterization, Geographic Information System application, environmental costs of groundwater pumping, and policy enforcement have been raised. The paper identifies the need to refine the methodology and data set for instituting both supply and demand relationships and projections

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Metro Manila and Metro Cebu Groundwater Assessment

This paper describes the methodologies adopted and the results obtained in assessing the groundwater resources of Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. Also some early and recent studies on the aquifer systems in the two metropolis are presented to draw some comparisons on the assessment and data acquisition methods and identify some gaps involved and the improvements needed. Some of the indicators used in assessing groundwater potential and associated problems include storage coefficient, transmissivity, safe yield, and salt water intrusion. The complex and expensive nature of actual field monitoring and analysis has encouraged the use of mathematical models in this study. Specifically, models adopted by NHRC and JICA were used and their respective capabilities, data requirements and modeling results for water balance are described. Although the two models have specific inputs unique to each model and the NHRC model used secondary 9 year data (i.e. 1982-1990) while JICA used one-year actual data (1990), the models gave similar results as far as recharge to groundwater and piezometric heads are concerned. It was found that Metro Manila gets an annual recharge of 206 MCM which is basically due to the high rainfall events during the wet season. Inflows from Laguna lake and leakage from MWSS distribution systems have been also identified as contributors to the recharge. It was also found that due to the over pumping of wells in some coastal areas in Metro Manila, sea water intrusion of aquifers is now becoming a serious problem. The same holds true in Metro Cebu where water for all types of uses comes from groundwater. That is why the annual recharge from rainfall to the aquifer of the Maghaway valley in Cebu amounting to be 1.4 MCM plus an additional inflow of 1.1 MCM coming from riverbeds, are believed to be insufficient to cover the increasing demand for water from all sectors of the society. It is envisioned that a regional scale groundwater and environmental planning scheme for the two metropolis needs to be developed by linking the models with GIS so groundwater data base maps can be overlaid with land use, management practices, recharge distribution and mass loadings of chemicals. A follow-up study which will incorporate this methodology will provide a useful management tool for developing water resources on a regional scale

A Model for Developing Curriculum Standards for Preschool Teacher Education

This paper presents a model for developing curriculum standards for preschool teacher education especially for preschool teachers who will serve in different local communities in the Philippines. Different models of curriculum development were analyzed to come up with the proposed model for developing curriculum standards. The process of curriculum development in a teacher education institution for preschool education was also analyzed to understand how teacher education institutions develop curriculum and what curriculum sources and influences are considered when they develop curriculum. Curriculum experts in the Philippines and abroad were invited to give professional comments and to validate the model. The model for developing curriculum standards identified various curriculum sources and influences, and presents a logical, sequential, and dynamic procedure for developing curriculum.Keywords: curriculum development, standards, model, teacher education, preschoo

Developing a Curriculum for the Transition Program of Special Learners in the Philippines

This paper focuses on creating a curriculum development model and curriculum framework for the Transition Program designed for special learners with intellectual and physical disabilities. It explains the idea of a transition program in Philippine context, discusses the curriculum framework, and proposes a curriculum development model for creating a relevant and responsive transition program. The curriculum framework for the proposed Transition Program Curriculum includes five learning areas: (1) Livelihood, (2) Academic, (3) Enrichment, (4) Pre-vocational, and (5) Care. All these learning areas are designed to help and prepare Filipino learners with special education needs to be capable of engaging in entrepreneurship, pursuing further studies, or living functional lives. The curriculum development model for the Transition Program Curriculum follows a linear-cyclical procedure starting with deliberations, development of curriculum philosophy and framework, identification of programs and strategies, development of curriculum materials and instructional resources, development of assessment framework and evaluation tools, and development of curriculum policies that will guide the teachers in implementing the curriculum. This model can be used for the planning and development of special education curricula for the K to 12 basic education programs in the Philippines

Intergenerational Equity: Assessing The Future Generations' Role In Environmental Protection And Standing To Sue In Cases Of Environmental Harm

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Evaluation of an English Course on Designing Effective Instruction at Ehime University

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