How EU Law Politicizes Markets and Creates Opportunities for Progressive Coding

AbstractThis comment starts from a reading of Katharina Pistor’s The Code of Capital, together with Martijn Hesselink’s proposal for a progressive European code of private law in this issue. I emphasise how Pistor brings to legal debates a renewed awareness about markets as historically contextual and legally structured socio-legal configurations where hierarchies are pervasive. This awareness points at a path for action, which I understand as a project of market democratisation. I see Hesselink’s proposal as contributing to this project. However, I offer a tweak to his argument by drawing on a pool of normative and empirical sensitivities developed by literature on governance and democratic experimentalism. On my reading, Hesselink’s progressive code would be difficult to realise through democratic deliberation in the public sphere alone. The project would have better prospects for success if it relied on iterative destabilisation and redesign of existing market arrangements through platforms that allow for their contestation, the voicing of both popular and expert input in their redesign, and the monitoring of the new solutions. Thus understood, a progressive European code may rely on institutions and processes available in European Union (EU) law which create spaces for contestation of existing dominant assemblages of the modules of capital as well as their progressive rearticulation.</jats:p

Understanding of cutting tool edge preparations and their impacts on machining process performance

The cutting tool edge preparation is considered as one of the important technologies that were recently developed for micro-machining due to its impact on cutting forces and stresses, tool life, temperature distribution and surface integrity. The most frequent tool edge preparations include round edge, chamfered edge and sharp edge. It is not easy to determine, for a given workpiece material, the appropriate tool edge preparation or the machining parameters that should be used, as they are interrelated and affect jointly several machining performance indicators. The objective of this thesis is to conduct a research study on the effects of three cutting tool edge geometries and the cutting parameters on the machining characteristics such as cutting temperature, effective stress, chip thickness and tool wear. The cutting tool edge geometries studied are round, chamfer and sharp. This study consisted of simulating the orthogonal cutting process of AISI 1045 steel using 2D finite elements DEFORM software. The numerical simulation tests were performed using a design of experiments (DOE) based on Taguchi orthogonal array design which included different tool edge parameters such as nose radius, chamfer width, chamfer angle, sharp angle and the cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate. This research work is divided into three stages. In the first stage, a 2D simulation model based on finite element analysis was developed to predict the effects of the tool nose radius with small and large scales and cutting parameters on cutting temperature, cutting stress and tool wear. The obtained results showed that cutting temperature, stress and tool wear presented approximately linear dependency with tool nose radius. In the second stage, numerical tests were performed to investigate the effects of chamfer width, chamfer angle, sharp angle, cutting speed, feed rate and their interactions on cutting temperature, effective stress and wear depth. The obtained results were evaluated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). At the end, in the third stage, significant edge geometry factors and their interactions with machining parameters were determined; then, numerical simulation comparisons were made in order to determine the optimal parameters in order to get good cutting tool preparation between round, chamfer and sharp edges for a better cutting process performance

Rescuing transparency in the digital economy: in search of a common notion in EU consumer and data protection law

Coherent privaatrech

Assessing the Cross-Market Generalization Capability of the CLAUDETTE System

We present a study aimed at testing the CLAUDETTE system's ability to generalise the concept of unfairness in consumer contracts across diverse market sectors. The data set includes 142 terms of services grouped in five sub-sets: travel and accommodation, games and entertainment, finance and payments, health and well-being, and the more general others. Preliminary results show that the classifier has satisfying performance on all the sectors