An Overview of Psychological Studies on Anger and Anger Expression

本論文では、怒りとその表出に関わるこれまでの先行研究を、(1)進化、(2)生理、(3)動因-行動、(4)認知、(5)社会構成の5つのアプローチに分けて紹介する。その上で、各アプローチが怒りをどのように定義しているかを検討し、その相違点や関連性を示した上で、今後の研究の方向性について議論する。In this paper, previous studies about anger and anger expression are overviewed. They are divided into five approaches: (1) Evolutional, (2) Physical, (3) Drive-Behavioral, (4) Cognitive, and (5) Social Constructive. Following an examination of the definition of anger in each approach and showing the relations and differences between them, the direction of future studies on anger and anger expression is discussed.感情科学の展

A Case of Olfactory Neuroblastoma Induced in A Rat by N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine

N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) is a well-known carcinogen and induces tumors in various tissues. In the present paper, a case of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) induced in a rat by BHP is described. The tumor was observed in one out of 25 male rats that received 2000 ppm of BHP in drinking water from 6 to 18 weeks of age and were sacrificed at 26 weeks of age. Histologically, the tumor arose in the posterior nasal cavity and consisted of small round cells and elongate cells with scant basophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells proliferated with compartmentalization into the lobules by fibrovascular septa. True rosettes, pseudorosettes and an intercellular fibrillar matrix were occasionally observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for NF120/200 and β III-tubulin. These results indicate that the present tumor is the first case of ONB induced in a rat by BHP treatment

Effects of Washcoat on Initial PM Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop in SiC DPF

The washcoat (W/C) on a catalytic diesel particulate filter (DPF) greatly alters the pore structure and wall surface condition of the original substrate of DPF, which then affects the filtration efficiency and pressure drop behavior. In the present study, we examined this W/C effect on the initial PM filtration efficiency and pressure loss by changing amounts of washcoat on a SiC-DPF. We measured particle number concentration and particle size distribution in the diesel exhaust gas downstream of the DPF by EEPS. High filtration efficiency was achieved quickly when the W/C amount was increased. We introduced new parameters, T90 and T99, which were the filtration efficiencies that reach more than 90% and 99%, respectively, of the initial DPF usage. The PM trapping mechanisms could be classified according to the PM size. Trapping of PM whose diameter is smaller than 30 nm is little affected by the W/C. However, for PM over 30 nm, as amounts of W/C are increased, particle number concentration decreases rapidly and less PM leakage is observed for the initial filtration process. On the other hand, the initial backpressure and the backpressure during soot loading increased in accordance with W/C amount. Since the relationship between the filtration efficiency and the pressure loss has a trade-off, it is important to design DPF by considering W/C effects.Technical Papers presented at SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibitionresearch repor

The Process of Helping Behavior : A Proposal of a New Model

研究の枠組みと研究対象の分類体系の欠如が，相互に矛盾するものさえ含む研究知見の混乱と無秩序で非生産的な研究知見の蓄積の一因となっている。この問題の一つの解決法は，対象行動を類型化することであり，もう一つは，行動の生起過程モデルを設定し，それに基づき体系的に選択された規定要因の効果の解明によるモデルの妥当化を通じて援助行動を全体的に理解することである。本研究では，特に後者の目的で，援助を要請すること，援助を授与すること，および援助経験や被援助経験の影響を受けて援助に対する態度が変化し，それに連動して動機づけも変化することのそれぞれに関する過程モデルを提案し，その内容特徴を，モデルを構成する段階ごとに詳しく説明した。最後に，モデルの妥当性を検討してきた従来の研究の，特に，方法論上の問題点を指摘し，予測的妥当性のみならず過程的妥当性の基準から，認知心理学の過程追跡法も援用した新たな方法論に基づく研究の必要性を指摘した。The lack of a framework of research and a taxonomy of helping behavior is one of the causes for the accumulation of confused and nonproductive research findings. There are the following two methods to solve this problem. The first is the clustering of helping behavior and the second is the formulation of a model of behavioral processes. We can obtain a general understanding of helping behavior through validation of the model. In the vein of the latter idea, I propose new models concerning help-seeking, help-giving, and being influenced by the helping and helped experiences upon the helping-attitude and motivation. This report is concerned primarily with the explanation of these models. In the conclusion I point out some methodological issues in the preexisting studies which have been done to validate the model and the necessity of validation using multiple methods, including cognitive psychological methods