226 research outputs found
Cell organization in soft media due to active mechanosensing
Adhering cells actively probe the mechanical properties of their environment
and use the resulting information to position and orient themselves. We show
that a large body of experimental observations can be consistently explained
from one unifying principle, namely that cells strengthen contacts and
cytoskeleton in the direction of large effective stiffness. Using linear
elasticity theory to model the extracellular environment, we calculate optimal
cell organization for several situations of interest and find excellent
agreement with experiments for fibroblasts, both on elastic substrates and in
collagen gels: cells orient in the direction of external tensile strain, they
orient parallel and normal to free and clamped surfaces, respectively, and they
interact elastically to form strings. Our method can be applied for rational
design of tissue equivalents. Moreover our results indicate that the concept of
contact guidance has to be reevaluated. We also suggest that cell-matrix
contacts are upregulated by large effective stiffness in the environment
because in this way, build-up of force is more efficient.Comment: Revtex, 7 pages, 4 Postscript files include
Degree of locking to network activity of neurons with similar movement tuning in the motor cortex of awake, behaving rats differs by layer
イベントと連携した英語力強化カリキュラム――発表力、表現力増強のための英語ミュージカル教育プログラム開発 平成23(2011)~25(2013)年度和洋女子大学教育振興支援助成成果報告
2011年度から3年間、英語・英文学類で行った「英語ミュージカル」を通じて英語力の向上、英語による発信力の強化に向けた教育を行った。このプロジェクトは、2010年秋に行った英語教育に対してのイベントに関するアンケートで全学の学生が興味を示した(30%)「英語ミュージカル」を、通常の授業カリキュラムと関連づけた英語教育プログラムとして完成させることを目標としている。英語・英文学類所属教員は、文化、文学、言語というそれぞれの専門に合わせてこのプロジェクトに係わり、ミュージカル公演、佐倉基礎演習、通常授業の3つを機能的に連結させる試みを行った。通常授業である「アドヴァンスト・リーディング」、「文学と音楽」などの授業をプログラムに合わせて強化し、さらに「ミュージカル英語」のクラスを増設した。このプロジェクトは、英語の4技能を総合的に獲得する、つまり「人間の言葉」としての英語力を獲得する取り組みである。活動は、①テキスト製作、②佐倉セミナー、③里見祭でのミュージカル上演の3つに大きく分けられ、それぞれ当初の目的が達成された。題材として、『ウェスト・サイド・ストーリー』(2011年)、『マイ・フェア・レディ』(2012年)、『サウンド・オブ・ミュージック』(2013年)を選び、教育効果としては、①共同作業による学習意欲の増進、②自己アピールに必要な知識の獲得、③教養力のアップの3つのレベルで効果が認められた
An investigation of the influence of extracellular matrix anisotropy and cell–matrix interactions on tissue architecture
On Integral Equation Methods for the Elastic Boundary Value Problems : 3rd Report, Direct Methods for Dynamic Problems
On Integral Equation Methods for Elastic Boundary Value Problems : 1st. Report, Direct Methods for Static Problems
Sound pressure level attenuation provided by thin rigid screens coupled to tall buildings
This paper computes the sound pressure attenuation provided by thin rigid screens placed on the walls of a tall building to protect the building from the direct sound incidence produced by sound pressure sources placed in its vicinity. The problem is formulated in the frequency domain via the Traction Boundary Element Method (TBEM), which overcomes the thin-body difficulty arising with the classical Boundary Element Method (BEM) formulation. The building, the screens and the ground are assumed to be infinitely long and rigid. The Green's functions used in the TBEM formulation allow the solution to be obtained without discretizing the flat solid ground and vertical solid façade. Thus, only the boundary of each rigid screen is modelled, which allows the TBEM to be efficient even at high excitation frequencies. The hypersingular integrals that result from the implementation of the TBEM are computed analytically. The algorithm is verified using a BEM model, which incorporates the Green's functions for a full space, thus requiring the full discretization of the domain. The model developed is then used to simulate wave propagation in the vicinity of thin rigid screens with different dimensions and geometries. The two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) time and frequency responses and sound pressure attenuation results are both computed over grids of receivers placed perpendicular and parallel to the building wall.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM3-4NMCV71-5/1/05fa9e0f203c93cbdb578430fe4544a
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