Interface entropy in four dimensions as Calabi's diastasis on the conformal manifold

We conjecture an equality between (1) the entropy associated with a Janus interface in a 4d N=2 superconformal field theory and (2) Calabi's diastasis, a particular combination of analytically continued Kahler potentials, on the conformal manifold (moduli space) of the 4d theory.Comment: 4 pages; v.2: reference and minor clarification added, version in JHE

A Close Comparison between Observed and Modeled Ly{\alpha} Lines for z ~ 2.2 Lyman Alpha Emitters

We present the results of a Lya profile analysis of 12 Lya emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2 with high-resolution Lya spectra. We find that all 12 objects have a Lya profile with the main peak redward of the systemic redshift defined by nebular lines, and five have a weak, secondary peak blueward of the systemic redshift (blue bump). The average velocity offset of the red main peak (the blue bump, if any) with respect to the systemic redshift is Delta_v_Lya,r = 174+/- 19 km s-1 (Delta_v_Lya,b = -316+/-45 km s-1), which is smaller than (comparable to) that of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). The outflow velocities inferred from metal absorption lines in three individual and one stacked spectra are comparable to those of LBGs. The expanding shell model constructed by Verhamme et al. (2006) reproduces not only the Lya profiles but also other observed quantities including the outflow velocity and the FWHM of nebular lines for the non-blue bump objects. On the other hand, the model predicts too high FWHMs of nebular lines for the blue bump objects, although this discrepancy may disappear if we introduce additional Lya photons produced by gravitational cooling. We show that the small Delta_v_Lya,r values of our sample can be explained by low neutral-hydrogen column densities of log(NHI) = 18.9 cm-2 on average. This value is more than one order of magnitude lower than those of LBGs but is consistent with recent findings that LAEs have high ionization parameters and low Hi gas masses. This result suggests that low NHI values, giving reduced numbers of resonant scattering of Lya photons, are the key to the strong Lya emission of LAEs.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

The Stellar Mass, Star Formation Rate and Dark Matter Halo Properties of LAEs at z∼2z\sim2

We present average stellar population properties and dark matter halo masses of $z \sim 2$ \lya emitters (LAEs) from SED fitting and clustering analysis, respectively, using $\simeq$ $1250$ objects ($NB387\le25.5$) in four separate fields of $\simeq 1$ deg$^2$ in total. With an average stellar mass of $10.2\, \pm\, 1.8\times 10^8\ {\mathrm M_\odot}$ and star formation rate of $3.4\, \pm\, 0.4\ {\mathrm M_\odot}\ {\rm yr^{-1}}$, the LAEs lie on an extrapolation of the star-formation main sequence (MS) to low stellar mass. Their effective dark matter halo mass is estimated to be $4.0_{-2.9}^{+5.1} \times 10^{10}\ {\mathrm M_\odot}$with an effective bias of$1.22^{+0.16}_{-0.18}$which is lower than that of$z \sim 2$LAEs ($1.8\, \pm\, 0.3$), obtained by a previous study based on a three times smaller survey area, with a probability of$96\%. However, the difference in the bias values can be explained if cosmic variance is taken into account. If such a low halo mass implies a low HI gas mass, this result appears to be consistent with the observations of a high \lya escape fraction. With the low halo masses and ongoing star formation, our LAEs have a relatively high stellar-to-halo mass ratio (SHMR) and a high efficiency of converting baryons into stars. The extended Press-Schechter formalism predicts that at z=0$our LAEs are typically embedded in halos with masses similar to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC); they will also have similar SHMRs to the LMC, if their SFRs are largely suppressed after$z \sim 2$ as some previous studies have reported for the LMC itself.Comment: 34 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in PAS

Geographical Analysis of the Locations of Plant Factories in Japan

The purpose of this study is to conduct a geographical analysis on the location strategy of “plant factories,” which have shown remarkable growth among “firms’ entering into agriculture” in Japan in recent years. The number of companies entering into agriculture has seen a sharp increase in Japan in the last 10 years after the revision of the Agricultural Land Act in 2009. Especially, the number of firms that build large-scale facilities to produce vegetables has increased drastically. Looking at the distribution of plant factories in Japan, it is evident that many plant factories are located in the regions that agriculture was damaged after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 (Miyagi, Fukushima, etc.), the regions that local governments make efforts to invite agribusiness (Hokkaido, Oita, etc.), and the regions that are not suitable for vegetable production due to weather conditions (prefectures like Niigata and Okinawa). On the whole, it can be said that the location of plant factories in Japan has noticeably shifted toward rural areas in the last 10 years. Regarding the type of facility, management, and production items of these plant factories, the largest area is occupied by solar plant factories managed by farming corporations, and the highest produced item is tomatoes. In other words, it would be most effective to study the case of a plant factory that uses solar power to produce tomatoes in order to understand the regional effects of plant factories in Japan. Therefore, in this paper, we took up the entry of Kagome Co., Ltd. (hereafter, abbreviated as Kagome) into agriculture as a case study and performed a detailed analysis. Kagome has been opening plant factories all over the country since the 2000s to produce fresh tomatoes. However, it was found that soliciting the efforts of local governments to resolve the issue of depopulation had influenced Kagome’s location strategy of plant factories. Therefore, Mihara village in Kochi prefecture, being one such area, was chosen for conducting a case study. The results of the study indicated the regional impact of Kagome’s entry into Mihara village to be as follows: (1) an increase in agricultural output, (2) the creation of local employment, and (3) the transformation of the rural landscape. On the other hand, the results also indicated that Kagome acts independent of the local JA and farmers, which is a deviation from the framework of local agriculture. Moreover, Kagome uses unskilled or manualized techniques for the harvesting operations in these plant factories, which makes it difficult for its employees to acquire sufficient farming skills. This indicates that while the location of plant factories brings considerable economic benefits to regions, they also face structural problems like difficulty in expanding agribusiness and farming techniques locally.本研究には、2018年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（B）、研究課題番号：18H00771、研究代表者：岡橋秀典）の一部を使用した

Thermally stable amorphous tantalum yttrium oxide with low IR absorption for magnetophotonic devices

Thin film oxide materials often require thermal treatment at high temperature during their preparation, which can limit them from being integrated in a range of microelectronic or optical devices and applications. For instance, it has been a challenge to retain the optical properties of Bragg mirrors in optical systems at temperatures above 700 °C because of changes in the crystalline structure of the high-refractive-index component. In this study, a ~100 nm-thick amorphous film of tantalum oxide and yttrium oxide with an yttrium-to-tantalum atomic fraction of 14% was prepared by magnetron sputtering. The film demonstrated high resistance to annealing above 850 °C without degradation of its optical properties. The electronic and crystalline structures, stoichiometry, optical properties, and integration with magnetooptical materials are discussed. The film was incorporated into Bragg mirrors used with iron garnet microcavities, and it contributed to an order-of-magnitude enhancement of the magnetooptical figure of merit at near-infrared wavelengths.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award ECCS-1607865

A STUDY ON POSTURAL RESPONSE TO LATERAL PERTURBATION

The purpose of this study was to investigate how to postural control in reactive recovery response to lateral perturbations. Twenty-one healthy young adluts participated in this experiment. Each participant was tested for twenty-four trials in which four different perturbation magnitudes and two perturbation directions (left and right) were randamly arranged. In the trials, the participants stood in a standard neutral position. In the group with large angular momentum of the whole body in the frontal plane, the peak horizontal ground reaction force towards the fall side and the peak ankle supinator torque of the fall side limb were significantly larger than those in the small angular momentum group (

Design Window Analysis for the Helical DEMO Reactor FFHR-d1

Conceptual design activity for the LHD-type helical DEMO reactor FFHR-d1 has been conducted at the National Institute for Fusion Science under the Fusion Engineering Research Project since FY2010. In the first step of the conceptual design process, design window analysis was conducted using the system design code HELIOSCOPE by the “Design Integration Task Group”. On the basis of a parametric scan with the core plasma design based on the DPE (Direct Profile Extrapolation) method, a design point having a major radius of 15.6 m and averaged magnetic field strength at the helical coil winding center of 4.7 T was selected as a candidate. The validity of the design was confirmed through the analysis by the related task groups (in-vessel component, blanket, and superconducting magnet)