Internet innovations:exploring new horizons

The aim of this paper is to provide a standpoint on an emerging trend in sharing digital video content over the Internet. The paper is based on participative evaluative analysis of business model employed by digital video content sharing providers. The authors have found that because of wide diffusion of broadband and cheap video recording equipment, enabling digital video content to be shared online, and emerging business internet video sharing practice its users increasingly find themselves infringing the intellectual property rights of others. This has implications for anyone using online video resources. The paper offers an insight into the increasing popularity of online video and the resulting dilemmas encountered by internet researchers; it also offers a functional way for researchers, businesses and online users to understand the mechanism of infringement of the intellectual property rights relating to online video content. The paper further contributes to expanding the understanding of internet users behaviour in relation to digital video content creation and distribution in the context of challenges faced by cyberlaw

On the occasion of world kidney day 2017; obesity and its relationship with chronic kidney disease

Context: Numerous studies have reported the impact of obesity in the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some studies have suggested the direct role of obesity in the incidence of CKD, while some other studies suggest an indirect effect caused by the effects of obesity on blood pressure and diabetes. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, directory of open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, and Google Scholar have been searched. Results: Recent studies have presented more strong evidences on the role of obesity on the incidence of CKD. The double role of obesity in the incidence of CKD has also been mentioned in some studies. Conclusions: Such an additional effect arises from the impact of obesity on the incidence of some conditions and diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which in turn are involved in the incidence of CKD and are considered as its risk factors

Correlation of serum adiponectin level with some biochemical and metabolic factors in stable hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Serum adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue and its level usually increases in patients with renal insufficiency. In uremic condition, it not only loses its protective role against atherosclerosis, but also becomes a risk factor. This hormone is a direct predictor of cardiovascular complications in patients with renal failure. Objectives: This study was designed to assess the association between serum adiponectin with various parameters in in a group of non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: In this study, 73 hemodialysis non-diabetic patients were selected and fasting blood samples were taken to measure adiponectin and some other biochemical parameters. Waist circumference, abdominal circumference, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Pearson statistical test was used to find the association between adiponectin and mentioned parameters. Results: Adiponectin level was negatively and significantly associated with weight (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.05), abdominal circumference (P<0.01), and triglycerides (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of our study, serum adiponectin level in hemodialysis patients was negatively associated with weight and BMI which indicates the likely effect of the hormone. As a result, finding of exact connections between this cytokines and the risk factors of atherosclerosis and hypercatabolism may help to introduce serum adiponectin as a measurable and important marker for atherosclerosis and may be used as an index for prognosis of mortality in this type of patients. Keywords: Adiponectin, Kidney failure, Hemodialysis Please cite this paper as: Tamadon MR, Heidari M, Dris F, Mardani S. Correlation of serum adiponectin level with some biochemical and metabolic factors in stable hemodialysis patients. J Parathyr Dis 2015;3(1):20-24. Copyright © 2015 The Author(s); Published by Nickan Research Institute. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Antioxidant and kidney protection; differential impacts of single and whole natural antioxidants.

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in production of reactive oxygen and the biological ability to detoxify the reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. Herbal medicines commonly fight these complications with their antioxidant properties. However, it should be noted that herbal drugs extracts are abundant sources of polyphenols and these compounds are unstable and might be subjected to polymerization. Thus, it is essential to check that the observed biological properties are not due to polymerization of phenolic compounds

Metformin improves diabetic kidney disease.

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in production of reactive oxygen and the biological ability to detoxify the reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. Herbal medicines commonly fight these complications with their antioxidant properties. However, it should be noted that herbal drugs extracts are abundant sources of polyphenols and these compounds are unstable and might be subjected to polymerization. Thus, it is essential to check that the observed biological properties are not due to polymerization of phenolic compounds

Comparison of Standard Triple Therapy Regimen with Sequential Therapy Regimen Containing Levofloxacin Used for The Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Gastrointestinal Infection Caused by Helicobacter Pylori

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare standard triple therapy regimen with sequential therapy regimen containing levofloxacin used for the eradication of H. pylori in patients with gastrointestinal infection caused by H. pylori. Methods: This single blind clinical trial study was conducted on 96 patients with positive Rapid Urease Test (RUT) who were referred to the Endoscopy center of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord city, located in southwest of Iran. The patients were randomly assigned into two treatment groups: sequential therapy regimen and triple therapy regimen. The patients in the first group received sequential therapy regimen including omeprazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, and tinidazole; the second group of patients received a triple therapy regimen consisting of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Four weeks after the end of the treatment, using H. pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA), a test was performed to prove the eradication of H. pylori. The influences of patients’ age, gender and eradication level were also investigated. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age and education. While H. pylori eradication rate was 67.3% in the sequential therapy regimen, it was 66% in standard triple therapy regimen. In addition, among patients receiving triple therapy regimen, being aged older than 40 years had a significant relationship with eradication. Moreover, in patients receiving sequential therapy regimen, education level had a significant relationship with eradication. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the two therapy groups in terms of H. pylori eradication rate. However, given the low rates of H. pylori eradication in both sequential and triple therapy regimens observed in the present study, it seems that it is necessary to conduct further research on the bacterial resistance to the prescribed antibiotic

Sevelamer, a phosphate-binding resin with beneficial effect in diabetic kidney disease; a modern paradigm shift

The proportion of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is increasing throughout the world, which sequentially drives upward the global frequency of diabetic kidney disease (1, 2). Diabetes is a costly and deadly disease. Patients with diabetic kidney disease are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, premature death, and other severe diseases that ensue in increased health-care utilization and frequent hospitalizations (1, 2). In fact, type II diabetes mellitus is an ongoing medical dilemma that clinicians deal with on a daily basis

Proton-pump inhibitors and risk of renal disease

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one group of drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion by binding irreversibly to the gastric proton pump. This paper aimed to review the impact of PPIs on kidney function and structure by presenting the updated information in this regard. In this review, we summarize in electronic databases including Google Scholar, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCO during the period of 1980 to 2017 by using the following search terms; proton-pump inhibitors, kidney injury, renal diseases, adverse events of protonpump inhibitors, acute interstitial nephritis, renal injury and chronic kidney disease. The PPIs are known as one group of drugs that are well tolerated in healthy subjects and where serious harms are rare. The some reports reveal that long-term administration of PPIs is associated with adverse effects such as: increasing the incident risk of kidney injury, hyper-secretion of gastric acid after their withdrawal, bone fracture, decreased levels of blood magnesium, interaction with metabolism of antiplatelet agents, increased risk of enteric infections and community-acquired pneumonia. Proton-pump inhibitors and risk of renal disease (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284636_Proton-pump_inhibitors_and_risk_of_renal_disease [accessed Nov 08 2017]

Effects of endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation on the proliferation of satellite cells

Abstract Animal and human studies indicated that overtension and stress release inflammatory substances and growth factors that are produced following exercise, which leads to satellite cell activation and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation on the proliferation of satellite cells in rats. Seventy-six rats were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups, ovariectomized and intact groups. Both groups were randomly divided into four subgroups as follows: endurance exercise, estrogen supplementation, estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise, and control. Then, the endurance exercise group and estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise group performed endurance exercise for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. In each week, the estrogen supplementation group and estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise group were injected subcutaneously with 3 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate. The soleus muscle was retracted and placed into 10 % buffered formalin solution. In a pathological lab, the number of satellite cells was counted and recorded using a light microscope through hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for CD56. Increase in satellite cell number was significant in the two groups of intact rats treated with estrogen supplementation and the ovariectomized rats which performed endurance exercise. The comparison of these groups' means demonstrated that the satellite cell number increased more in the ovariectomized rats. Endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation can increase the proliferation of satellite cells in the rat's soleus muscle

An update on Helicobacter pylori infection in renal failure patients

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative spiral rod bacterium which inhabits gastric mucosa and attaches to the gastric epithelium using specific receptor. H. pylori infection endures as one of the most challenging diseases triggering high mortality and morbidity. H. pylori infection is reported as the cause of gastric cancer, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and other gastrointestinal disorders. It was suggested that long-term H. pylori infection may aggravate chronic kidney disease (CKD) complications and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Patients with chronic renal failure often possess gastrointestinal symptoms including decline of gastrointestinal motility, amyloid protein deposition and decreased sensory disturbance. Hence, in patients with chronic renal failure, the nutrition status is pour which usually leads to the development of malnutrition. This status will increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients. These patients in comparison to individuals with normal renal function usually have higher risks of gastric mucosal damage due to hypergastrinemia, enhanced inflammation, local chronic circulatory failure and high level of ammonia. Majority of these patients (25%– 75%) usually suffer from gastrointestinal complications such as gastric erosions, gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers and angiodysplasia. The aim of the present study was to review the relation between one of the most challenging diseases, called H. pylori infection, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), diabetic and chronic hemodialysis individuals as well as presenting the treatment strategies of this infection