Pengaruh media massa terhadap pegangan nilai akhlak remaja: Kajian ke atas fakir miskin di kawasan luar bandar

Kewujudan bahan-bahan negatif dari majalah hiburan (dari dalam atau luar negeri), suratkhabar hiburan, VCD, TV, radio serta internet telah menimbulkan masalah yang begitu serius kepada perkembangan remaja masa kini. Hasil dari perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi dan kemudahan asas yang sempurna, kesan dan pengaruh media massa bukan sahaja dirasai oleh remaja di kawasan bandar, malah ianya turut melibatkan golongan remaja dikawasan luar bandar. Objektif utama kertas kerja ini adalah untuk membincangkan satu kajian yang telah dijalankan di daerah Sabak Bernam, Selangor. Objektif kajian ini antaranya ialah untuk mengenal pasti tahap pendedahan media massa di kalangan pelajar-pelajar luar bandar, mengenal pasti jenis-jenis kandungan dalam media yang memberi kesan positif dan negatif kepada nilai dan akhlak mereka, mengkaji pegangan nilai akhlak pelajar-pelajar, dan menganalisa hubungan pendedahan media massa dan minat pelajar terhadap kandungan media massa dengan pegangan nilai akhlak mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan satu set borang soal selidik dan diedarkan kepada 61 pelajar-pelajar Tingkatan 5 yang dikategorikan sebagai golongan fakir miskin di daerah Sabak Bernam, Selangor

Latar belakang guru tahfiz dan amalan kaedah pengajaran tahfiz al-Quran di Malaysia

The aim of this study is to explore the teaching method of Quran memorization (tahfiz) at Darul Quran JAKIM and State Maahad Tahfiz Quran (MTQN). This study involved 103 teachers in 11 institutions of tahfiz and maahad who are teaching the JAKIM Diploma programme at the Tahfiz Darul Quran. The questionnaires were developed by the researcher and the contents were validated by an expert panel. The reliability score of alpha Cronbach for all parts of the questionnaires was found to be high (> 0.9). The quantitative data of the questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical descriptive method such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations. They were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). This study found that the level of practices effectiveness for teaching methods in tahfiz was moderately high. The result of the inferential studies showed that there was no significant difference between the methods of tahfiz teaching and the teachers’ background (i.e. the gender, types of maahad tahfiz, professional qualification and teachers’ experiences). This result also described that the weak teaching process was not influenced by the teachers’ backgrounds. The implications of this study indicated that the practices of Quran tahfiz teaching should be in line with the development of the educational technology. Staff training programs should be developed to ensure that the teachers have the opportunity to enhance their knowledge and skills in teaching and learning so that the tahfiz education will always be updated with the current educational mainstream

Beam spot of Q-switched ND: YAG laser based on raster graphic

The quality of beam produced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was investigated. A photographic technique associated with image processing system was utilized to determine the beam quality. The invisible light was detected using burn paper at various operation voltages of flashlamp driver in the range of 450 V to 900 V. The permanent record of the beam spots were made via a scanner and analyze using raster graphic or bitmap from a Matrox Inspector version 2.1 software. The line profile each of the beam spot produced an absorption spectrum. The amplitude of the spectrum indicates the depthness of the hole created after laser interaction with photographic paper. Meanwhile the width shows the beam size as well as the surface roughness. Thus the beam quality is illustrated by the depthness and the flatness of the beam spot. The flatter the surface the more uniform the laser beam distribution and the deeper the hole the more energetic the laser beam interacted with burn paper

Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Penghayatan Akidah

This article discussed the construct validity and reliability of faith appreciation questionnaire. The instrument was developed based on past literature, expert opinion and research objectives. Expert interview has been done to validate the instrument construct and content while Cronbach’s alpha coefficient has been used to identify the value and level of internal consistency. Result shows the overall value of Cronbach’s alpha for the instrument is 0.868. However, each construct show a different value of reliability such as moderate level in understanding, α = 0.662; very high value of feeling, α = 0.910 and high in practicing, α = 0.830. Based on the result, some improvements on the instrument item need to be done for the next research

Synthesis and emission properties of meso-substituted porphyrins

Discovering of various organic dyes including porphyrins have attracted considerable attention to mimic the energy and electron transfer process for the artificial photosynthetic model systems which can be applied in developing optoelectronic devices. The accessibility on tailoring porphyrin properties makes them a good candidate to, be developed as the red light emitting materials for these applications. Thus, symmetrical and unsymmetrical molecular models of porphyrins with appended fluorenyl components and extended π electrons conjugated system were synthesized towards increasing the efficiency of energy and electron transfer. In the photophysical studies, the emission spectra proposed the evidence of energy transfer of appended fluorenyl arms into the porphyrin macrocyclic whereas the extension of conjugating system in porphyrins exhibits lower absorption energy and intensified the red fluorescent properties

Epistasis not needed to explain low dN/dS

An important question in molecular evolution is whether an amino acid that occurs at a given position makes an independent contribution to fitness, or whether its effect depends on the state of other loci in the organism's genome, a phenomenon known as epistasis. In a recent letter to Nature, Breen et al. (2012) argued that epistasis must be "pervasive throughout protein evolution" because the observed ratio between the per-site rates of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) is much lower than would be expected in the absence of epistasis. However, when calculating the expected dN/dS ratio in the absence of epistasis, Breen et al. assumed that all amino acids observed in a protein alignment at any particular position have equal fitness. Here, we relax this unrealistic assumption and show that any dN/dS value can in principle be achieved at a site, without epistasis. Furthermore, for all nuclear and chloroplast genes in the Breen et al. dataset, we show that the observed dN/dS values and the observed patterns of amino acid diversity at each site are jointly consistent with a non-epistatic model of protein evolution.Comment: This manuscript is in response to "Epistasis as the primary factor in molecular evolution" by Breen et al. Nature 490, 535-538 (2012

Põhiemotsioonid eestikeelses etteloetud kõnes: akustiline analüüs ja modelleerimine

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneDoktoritööl oli kaks eesmärki: saada teada, milline on kolme põhiemotsiooni – rõõmu, kurbuse ja viha – akustiline väljendumine eestikeelses etteloetud kõnes, ning luua neile uurimistulemustele tuginedes eestikeelsele kõnesüntesaatorile parameetrilise sünteesi jaoks emotsionaalse kõne akustilised mudelid, mis aitaksid süntesaatoril äratuntavalt nimetatud emotsioone väljendada. Kuna sünteeskõnet rakendatakse paljudes valdkondades, näiteks inimese ja masina suhtluses, multimeedias või puuetega inimeste abivahendites, siis on väga oluline, et sünteeskõne kõlaks loomulikuna, võimalikult inimese rääkimise moodi. Üks viis sünteeskõne loomulikumaks muuta on lisada sellesse emotsioone, tehes seda mudelite abil, mis annavad süntesaatorile ette emotsioonide väljendamiseks vajalikud akustiliste parameetrite väärtuste kombinatsioonid. Emotsionaalse kõne mudelite loomiseks peab teadma, kuidas emotsioonid inimkõnes hääleliselt väljenduvad. Selleks tuli uurida, kas, millisel määral ja mis suunas emotsioonid akustiliste parameetrite (näiteks põhitooni, intensiivsuse ja kõnetempo) väärtusi mõjutavad ning millised parameetrid võimaldavad emotsioone üksteisest ja neutraalsest kõnest eristada. Saadud tulemuste põhjal oli võimalik luua emotsioonide akustilisi mudeleid* ning katseisikud hindasid, milliste mudelite järgi on emotsioonid sünteeskõnes äratuntavad. Eksperiment kinnitas, et akustikaanalüüsi tulemustele tuginevate mudelitega suudab eestikeelne kõnesüntesaator rahuldavalt väljendada nii kurbust kui ka viha, kuid mitte rõõmu. Doktoritöö kajastab üht võimalikku viisi, kuidas rõõm, kurbus ja viha eestikeelses kõnes hääleliselt väljenduvad, ning esitab mudelid, mille abil emotsioone eestikeelsesse sünteeskõnesse lisada. Uurimistöö on lähtepunkt edasisele eestikeelse emotsionaalse sünteeskõne akustiliste mudelite arendamisele. * Katsemudelite järgi sünteesitud emotsionaalset kõnet saab kuulata aadressil https://www.eki.ee/heli/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=494.The present doctoral dissertation had two major purposes: (a) to find out and describe the acoustic expression of three basic emotions – joy, sadness and anger – in read Estonian speech, and (b) to create, based on the resulting description, acoustic models of emotional speech, designed to help parametric synthesis of Estonian speech recognizably express the above emotions. As far as synthetic speech has many applications in different fields, such as human-machine interaction, multimedia, or aids for the disabled, it is vital that the synthetic speech should sound natural, that is, as human-like as possible. One of the ways to naturalness lies through adding emotions to the synthetic speech by means of models feeding the synthesiser with combinations of acoustic parametric values necessary for emotional expression. In order to create such models of emotional speech, it is first necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the vocal expression of emotions in human speech. For that purpose I had to investigate to what extent, if any, and in what direction emotions influence the values of speech acoustic parameters (e.g., fundamental frequency, intensity and speech rate), and which parameters enable discrimination of emotions from each other and from neutral speech. The results provided material for creating acoustic models of emotions* to be presented to evaluators, who were asked to decide which of the models helped to produce synthetic speech with recognisable emotions. The experiment proved that with models based on acoustic results, an Estonian speech synthesiser can satisfactorily express sadness and anger, while joy was not so well recognised by listeners. This doctoral dissertation describes one of the possible ways for the vocal expression of joy, sadness and anger in Estonian speech and presents some models enabling addition of emotions to Estonian synthetic speech. The study serves as a starting point for the future development of acoustic models for Estonian emotional synthetic speech. * Recorded examples of emotional speech synthesised using the test models can be accessed at https://www.eki.ee/heli/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=494

The effects of Islamic education teachers' readiness in teaching sexual health elements

Teachers’ readiness in teaching is crucial in producing and creating effective teaching methods, especially towards the mastery, practices among secondary school teachers. Therefore, this paper discusses a study of the Malaysian teachers’ readiness in teaching the sex education elements based on four aspects which are personality, knowledge, skills and attitudes. A set of questionnaire was used as the research instrument to evaluate the level of the teachers’ readiness who were respondents of this study. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistic (Predictive Analytic Software) version 23 in a descriptive manner using the frequency of mean, percentage and standard deviation. The result of the descriptive analysis showed that the level of the respondents readiness was intermediate (mean=4.70; sd=0.74). and their level of readiness in teaching sexual education elements was at a high level. The inference analysis utilized the t-test and the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The t-test and ANOVA were utilized to identify the significant differences upon the respondents’ level of readiness based on school’s location, gender, academic qualification and teaching experience

Assessment of the teaching of Islamic and Asian Civilisation (TITAS) with the use of Audio Visual Aids (AVA)

The study to identify the first semester, Advanced Diploma students’ perceptions towards the teaching and learning of Islamic and Asian Civilisation (TITAS) with the use of Audio Visual Aids (AVA) in two polytechnics of Malaysia Higher Education Ministry (MOHE). Respondents are 33 students of Advanced Diploma Programme which are the overall population in the two polytechnics chosen for the study. The findings revealed that there is a high perception towards the teaching and learning of the course where the mean score of set induction as in 4.53 (SD 0.47), teaching and learning progress as in 4.48 (SD 0.39), approach as in 4.47 (SD 0.38), value inculcation as in 4.52 (SD 0.42), closure as in 4.32 (SD 0.56) and the use of audio visual aids (AVA) as in 4.32 (SD 0.39). There is no significant difference between both polytechnics for the assessed variables as revealed in the comparative analysis