DETERMINAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PRIMER PADA PASIEN DI POLIKLINIK INTERNA RUMAH SAKIT UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN TAHUN 2024

Latar belakang: Prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada penduduk umur ³15 tahun menurut SKI, 2023 adalah sebesar 29,5%. Hipertensi juga menempati peringkat ke 2 dari 10 penyakit terbanyak pada pasien rawat jalan di rumah sakit. Hipertensi primer merupakan hipertensi yang belum diketahui penyebabnya sedangkan hipertensi sekunder adalah hipertensi yang penyebabnya sudah diketahui. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan obesitas, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi garam, aktivitas fisik, dan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi primer pada pasien di poliklinik penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin Tahun 2024. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional melibatkan 220 pasien yang diambil menggunakan accidental sampling. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara pasien di poliklinik penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin pada bulan Mei-Juni Tahun 2024 melalui pengisian kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan variabel dependen dan variabel independen. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara obesitas (p-value = 0,001), konsumsi alkohol (p-value = 0,015), konsumsi garam (p-value = 0,001), aktivitas fisik (p-value = 0,015), dan stres (p-value = 0,001) dengan kejadian hipertensi primer. Sedangkan kebiasaan merokok tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi primer (p-value = 0,321). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara variabel obesitas, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi garam, aktivitas fisik, dan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi primer, sedangkan variabel kebiasaan merokok tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi primer pada pasien di poliklinik penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin tahun 2024. Oleh sebab itu, diharapkan bagi pasien untuk menerapkan pola hidup sehat agar terhindar dari penyakit hipertensi

Does heterogeneity in regenerating secondary forests affect mean throughfall?

As secondary tropical forests grow, their canopy structure and density change. This affects the canopy storage and aerodynamic roughness, and thus the amount of water that is lost to interception. Because interception is a considerable part of total evapotranspiration, it is important to assess how interception changes as secondary forests mature, and how this is affected by forest structure. However, the effects of tropical forest regeneration, and in particular changes in forest structure, on mean throughfall are so far poorly studied. This hampers the estimation of the interception loss, and thus the water balance, for regenerating forests. Therefore, we monitored throughfall for twelve regenerating, logged-over forest plots in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo over a 7-month period to determine the effects of forest regeneration on mean throughfall and tested if inclusion of measures of forest heterogeneity improves the prediction of mean throughfall compared to estimates based on tree height or density alone. Mean throughfall varied between 74% and 89% (average: 84%) of precipitation and was lowest in regenerating forest plots with a longer time since logging. There was a significant negative relationship between mean throughfall and tree density or basal area, as well as variables reflecting forest heterogeneity (i.e., the Shannon Diversity Index and the coefficient of variation of the diameter at breast height). Nevertheless, the inclusion of these indicators of heterogeneity did not improve model performance substantially; the best model was a linear relation with tree density alone. These results suggest that in the context of logged and regenerating forests in Sabah, mean throughfall depends mainly on tree density and is not substantially affected by species diversity or structural heterogeneity. To see if mean throughfall could be estimated over larger spatial scales based on LiDAR data, we also tested the relation between mean throughfall and LiDAR-derived Top of Canopy (TCH) but this relation was not significant for our study plots. A more in-depth analysis of LiDAR-products, such as point clouds, may be needed to estimate mean throughfall over large areas in tropical rainforests

Orchid resilience : A case of a logged-over forest in Sabah, Malaysia

Taliwas River Conservation Area (TRCA) is a lowland dipterocarp forest located 36km from Lahad Datu town. The area was logged in the 1970s by forest concessions and was treated with silvicultural practices for restoring ecosystems and conserving biodiversity. TRCA is one of the earliest logged forest that been treated with silvicultural activities and enriched with dipterocarps trees. This study was aimed to evaluate the species diversity of orchids in treated logged-over forest of TRCA. Convenience sampling was conducted due to the orchids’ sporadic distribution pattern. The orchids were photographed and all morphological features were documented for further identification. A total of 45 species were identified to their respective genera, with 16 genera recognised as epiphytic orchids, three as terrestrial, one as lithophyte and one as climber. From this study, orchid species was shown to be remarkably resilient in logged forest, through their advance morphological features such as pseudobulb, seed dormancy and epiphytic growth habit. The results from this study can be used as baseline data to support conservation and development plan of the Taliwas logged-over forest area

Active restoration accelerates the carbon recovery of human modified-tropical forests

More than half of all tropical forests are degraded by human impacts, leaving them threatened with conversion to agricultural plantations and risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses. Restoration could accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of restoration is constrained by cost and uncertainties over effectiveness. We report a long-term comparison of ACD recovery rates between naturally regenerating and actively restored logged tropical forests. Restoration enhanced decadal ACD recovery by more than 50%, from 2.9 to 4.4 megagrams per hectare per year. This magnitude of response, coupled with modal values of restoration costs globally, would require higher carbon prices to justify investment in restoration. However, carbon prices required to fulfill the 2016 Paris climate agreement [$40 to$80 (USD) per tonne carbon dioxide equivalent] would provide an economic justification for tropical forest restoration

The value of biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects during the first decade of the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment

One of the main environmental threats in the tropics is selective logging, which has degraded large areas of forest. In southeast Asia, enrichment planting with seedlings of the dominant group of dipterocarp tree species aims to accelerate restoration of forest structure and functioning. The role of tree diversity in forest restoration is still unclear, but the ‘insurance hypothesis’ predicts that in temporally and spatially varying environments planting mixtures may stabilize functioning owing to differences in species traits and ecologies. To test for potential insurance effects, we analyse the patterns of seedling mortality and growth in monoculture and mixture plots over the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment. Our results reveal the species differences required for potential insurance effects including a trade-off in which species with denser wood have lower growth rates but higher survival. This trade-off was consistent over time during the first decade, but growth and mortality varied spatially across our 500 ha experiment with species responding to changing conditions in different ways. Overall, average survival rates were extreme in monocultures than mixtures consistent with a potential insurance effect in which monocultures of poorly surviving species risk recruitment failure, whereas monocultures of species with high survival have rates of self-thinning that are potentially wasteful when seedling stocks are limited. Longer-term monitoring as species interactions strengthen will be needed to more comprehensively test to what degree mixtures of species spread risk and use limited seedling stocks more efficiently to increase diversity and restore ecosystem structure and functioning

Biomass variation across selectively logged forest within a 225 km2 region of Borneo and its prediction by Landsat TM

Estimates of biomass integrated over forest management areas such as selective logging coupes, can be used to assess available timber stocks, variation in ecological status and allow extrapolation of local measurements of carbon stocks. This study uses fifty 0.1 ha plots to quantify mean tree biomass of eight logging coupes (each 450–2500 ha) and two similarly sized areas in un-logged forest. These data were then correlated with the spectral radiance of individual Landsat-5 TM bands over the 15 km x 15 km study area. Explanation of the differences in radiance between the ten forest sites was aided by measurements of the relative reflectance of selected leaves and canopies from ground and helicopter platforms. The analysis showed a marked variation in the stand biomass from 172 t ha-1 in coupe C88 that was disturbed by high-lead logging to 506 t ha-1 in a similarly sized area of protection forest. A two parameter linear model of Landsat TM radiance in the near-infrared (NIR) band was able to explain 76% of the variation in the biomass at this coupe-scale. The local-scale measurements indicated that the differences in the mean radiance of each coupe (in cloud-free areas) may relate to a change in the proportion of climax tree canopy relative to a cover of either pioneer trees or ginger/shrubs; the canopies of climax trees have the lowest NIR radiance of the vegetation characteristic of selectively logged forest. The coupe harvested following ‘Reduced Impact Logging’ guidelines had a residual biomass and NIR radiance more like that of undisturbed lowland dipterocarp forest than coupes disturbed by ‘conventional’ selection felling. The predictability of tree biomass (at the coupe-scale) by such a parsimonious model makes remote sensing a valuable tool in the management of tropical natural forests