Note sur une enzootie d'adénocarcinome de la muqueuse pituitaire chez des brebis Djalonké

Quatre années d'observation sur le troupeau de moutons Djalonké du Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Bouaké Minankro (Côte-d'Ivoire) ont montré des cas croissants de tumeurs des fosses nasales. Quelques observations sont rapportées sur cette enzootie dont l'extension pourrait compromettre les efforts de développement de l'élevage de cette race dans la zone guinéenne de l'Afrique de l'Oues

Luminescent Harnessing of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Excitons

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as viable candidates for future high-performance optoelectronic and electronic devices due to their chemical stability, low dimensionality, direct bandgap and favourable electronic mobilities. Their direct bandgap facilitates strong light coupling, yielding photoluminescence (PL). Their quantum confined nature produces tightly bound excitons that exhibit intriguing many-body phenomena. 2D excitons may be transferred to other emissive materials in a heterostructure system. This has applications in e.g., photon harvesting with luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). Newly prepared monolayers are however susceptible to chalcogen atom vacancies, which quench bright excitons and trap mobile charges, amounting to material with poor PL yields and low mobilities, which is of little practical use. Post-fabrication defect passivation schemes offer a means to recover and enhance optical and electronic properties of newly fabricated monolayers. This thesis presents a novel surface treatment based on oleic acid (OA) ligands, which unlike previously reported schemes, is applicable to both sulphide and selenide TMDs. As separate studies, we investigate the effects of OA on monolayer tungsten disulphide (WS2) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2). Steady state and time resolved PL (TRPL) microscopy uncover the photophysics of PL enhancement by OA treatment, and provides insights into the surface passivation mechanism. Electronic measurements of 2D TMD field effect transistors support the conclusions drawn from optical measurements. The following study reports exciton transfer from a 2D TMD absorber to a quantum dot (QD) emitter in a 2D-QD heterostructure. WS2 is harnessed as an optical antenna, from which excitons are funnelled to near infrared (NIR) lead sulphide-cadmium sulphide QDs. This describes the opposite process to what has been reported for similar hybrid systems, where 2D TMDs quench excitons. Steady state PL techniques confirm excitation energy transfer (ET), and the ET mechanism. TRPL studies reveal ET dynamics and confirm ET efficiency. Combining steady state PL and TRPL elucidates the ET pathway and competing loss channels. Finally, the concept of an LSC based on 2D-QD heterostructure luminophores is developed with the aid of Monte Carlo light transport simulations. Using an idealised luminophore model, Heterostructure LSC performance is compared to other LSCs based on typical luminophore materials namely, Lumogen Red 305 dye and NIR QDs.ERC (758826 & 756962); EPSRC (EP/P027741/1, EP/M006360/1, EP/R023980/1, EP/L015978/1, EP/L016087/1, EP/P027741/1, & EP/P005152/1); Winton program for physics of sustainabilit

Time to First-Line ART Failure and Time to Second-Line ART Switch in the IeDEA Pediatric Cohort

BACKGROUND: Globally, 49% of the estimated 1.8 million children living with HIV are accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART). There are limited data concerning long-term durability of first-line ART regimens and time to transition to second-line. METHODS: Children initiating their first ART regimen between 2 and 14 years of age and enrolled in one of 208 sites in 30 Asia-Pacific and African countries participating in the Pediatric International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS consortium were included in this analysis. Outcomes of interest were: first-line ART failure (clinical, immunologic, or virologic), change to second-line, and attrition (death or loss to program ). Cumulative incidence was computed for first-line failure and second-line initiation, with attrition as a competing event. RESULTS: In 27,031 children, median age at ART initiation was 6.7 years. Median baseline CD4% for children ≤5 years of age was 13.2% and CD4 count for those >5 years was 258 cells per microliter. Almost all (94.4%) initiated a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; 5.3% a protease inhibitor, and 0.3% a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen. At 1 year, 7.7% had failed and 14.4% had experienced attrition; by 5 years, the cumulative incidence was 25.9% and 29.4%, respectively. At 1 year after ART failure, 13.7% had transitioned to second-line and 11.2% had experienced attrition; by 5 years, the cumulative incidence was 31.6% and 25.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of first-line failure and attrition were identified in children within 5 years after ART initiation. Of children meeting failure criteria, only one-third were transitioned to second-line ART within 5 years

Stimulatory Effects of Salicylic Acid and Benzothiadiazole on Phenolic Compounds Biosynthesis in Cotton Leaves [Gossypium Hirsutum L (Malvaceae)]

Impact of benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA), as natural defense stimulators, was tested on phenolic compounds biosynthesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Y764AG). Cotton leaves were spread with BTH and SA at six concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 8.0 and 10 mM) and incubated during 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Plant-treated with 1.0 mM BTH and 2.5 mM SA, respectively 96 and 24 h of incubation time induced the highest levels of phenolic compounds for each type of stimulator. These both concentrations were then combined for the co-treatment of the plants, with the previous incubation times retained. Results showed that co-treatment with BTH and SA was not beneficial for the induction of phenolic compounds compared to elicitors used alone.

Safety of a fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in real-life conditions of use in Côte d’Ivoire

Additional file 2. Adverse-event reporting as a function of the interval between treatment initiation and the home visit

Older People and HIV Infection: An Experience of "Ageing Badly" Within the City of Abidjan (Côte D'Ivoire)

In Côte d'Ivoire, active ageing remains a worrying and topical subject which requires cross-sectional studies. The present study is a contribution to this reflection with a particular focus on the "ageing problem" in relation to HIV infection. In a qualitative approach, individual semi-directive interviews were conducted with 23 people aged between 60 and 67 years, including 17 women and 6 men infected with HIV. They are members of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that provides assistance to people living with HIV (PLHIV). These respondents were selected for the study on a voluntary basis, based on availability and defined criteria. The interviews took place at the headquarters of this NGO over a discontinuous period from 26 April to 13 June 2021. The thematic analysis of the content of the speeches brought out the social representations of HIV/AIDS and of "ageing badly" among the respondents. The latter represent HIV/AIDS as "the disease of people with a bad lifestyle. They would have contracted it through a "spell" that would have been cast on them. They perceive being HIV-positive in old age and chronic geriatric illnesses as an expression of 'bad age'. Unprotected sex with multiple partners, infidelity within the couple and, indirectly, the use of aphrodisiacs are the risk factors that exposed them to the virus. HIV combined with underlying chronic illnesses has contributed to their fragility, social vulnerability and dependence. As they are victims of social rejection and stigmatization by their respective family members, the inclusion of older people living with HIV (PLWHA) in HIV/AIDS programs is essential. Similarly, sexuality education for older people is useful. It is therefore more than urgent to organize public solidarity around PLWHA in Côte d'Ivoire. Keywords: Older people, HIV, "Ageing badly", Côte d'Ivoire. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-22-06 Publication date: November 30th 202

Compendium of African sub-regional human rights documents

About the publication African sub-regional inter-governmental organisations are taking on an increasingly important role in the promotion and protection of human rights. It is against the background that knowledge of available standards and mechanisms is crucial for greater enjoyment of the increasing opportunities for remedies for human rights violations that this collection of human rights instruments became necessary. This Compendium brings together relevant instruments from eight sub-regional organisations: the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East African Community (EAC), the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The Compendium also includes a selection of human rights cases decided by the East African Court of Justice, the ECOWAS Court of Justice and the SADC Tribunal. African sub-regional inter-governmental organisations function within the ambit of the African Union (AU). Human rights documents of the AU and resolutions and case law of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights are published in the Compendium of key human rights documents of the African Union also available from PULP. About the editors: Solomon Ebobrah is Extra-ordinary lecturer, Centre for Human Rights and Lecturer, Niger Delta University, NigeriaPublishe

Offres De Soins Et Qualité De Vie Des Professionnels (Les) Du Sexe Sous ARV Les Communes De Marcory Et San-Pedro En Côte d’Ivoire

Cette étude a porté sur les PVVIH au niveau des professionnelles du sexe en Côte d’Ivoire, singulièrement dans les communes de Marcory et San Pedro. Malgré les politiques mises en oeuvre au niveau international et national en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA, le taux de contamination ne fait que s’accroître. Ainsi, comment les offres de soins de santé à l’endroit des personnes vivant avec le VIH influencent-elles la qualité de vie des professionnels (les) du sexe sous ARV ? Pour répondre à cette interrogation, l’approche qualitative a été mobilisée. Elle a été réalisée avec un échantillon de 25 professionnels du sexe recrutés à l’aide de l’échantillonnage par réseaux ou en boule de neige. Avec ce groupe cible composé de 8 hommes et de 17 femmes dont l’âge varie de 10-13 à 27 ans et plus, des entrevues approfondies ont été menées. Aussi, 05 représentants de la population experte ont été interviewés. Il en ressort que les représentations sociales des ARV expliquent la non observance du traitement. De la même manière, les itinéraires thérapeutiques, l’environnement social et les difficultés économiques influencent l’état de santé physique et psychologique des PS vivant avec le VIH. Il est aussi pointé du doigt les effets secondaires des médicaments. Leur stigmatisation les encourage à une sorte d’auto-victimation qui les éloigne de plus en plus des traitements antirétroviraux. Malgré tout, une radiographie du système de santé en la matière y compris les dispositifs médicaux est à revoir pour mieux aborder la prise en charge de ces malades. This paper focuses on VPHIV at the level of sex workers in Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the communes of Marcory and San Pedro. Despite the policies implemented at the international and national level in the fight against HIV/AIDS, the rate of transmission is increasing. So, how does the health care offered to people living with HIV influence the quality of the life of ARV sex workers? To answer this question, the qualitative approach was employed in this study. It was conducted with a sample of 25 sex workers recruited using network or snowball sampling. With this target group of 8 men and 17 women ranging in age from 10-13 to 27 years and over, in-depth interviews were conducted. Also, 05 representatives of the expert population were interviewed. It appears that the social representations of ARVs explain the non-observance of the treatment. Also, therapeutic routes, the social environment, and economic difficulties have a significant positive influence on the physical and psychological health of people living with HIV. Consequently, the side effects of the drug were pointed out. The stigmatization makes them self-victimized, which moves them away from antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, a radiography of the health system in this area, including medical devices, should be reviewed to better address the care of these patients

Assessing U.S. Agricultural Export Growth Under North American Free Trade Agreement: A Shift-Share Analysis

NAFTA is the first free-trade pact that has transformed and driven economic integration among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The three NAFTA countries’ agricultural export performance in four major classified commodities was each analyzed prior to the implementation and active years of NAFTA by applying a dynamic shift share model to data from 1992 through 2018. The overall results show United States was found to be the overall beneficiary NAFTA among the participating countries. The U.S. led in the exports of all the four major classified agricultural commodities followed by Canada, and then, Mexico. The most highly exported commodity among the four by any of the member nations, was consumer-oriented products while agricultural-related, intermediate, and bulk commodities follow in that order