PERNIKAHAN BEDA AGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH AL-SYATIBI

Abstract We did this research when there was a lot of news on television and social media along with the pros and cons. A pro foothold is for humanitarian and human rights reasons and does not make a problem with different religions as long as the family is harmonious and happy. Meanwhile, the cons are because of positive legal reasons in Indonesia which prohibit it and from a fiqh perspective the marriage is not valid. The purpose of this study is to find out how Maqashid al-Syariah views interfaith marriage, and the extent of its effects. The method used is descriptive analytic by examining normative law or positive law in Indonesia by comparing it to the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) conceptually, and looking at the problems that occur. The results of this study are that interfaith marriages bring more harm than good. Marriage, which is supposed to foster domestic harmony, is actually in many cases divorced due to disputes ranging from children's rights to choose their religion to inheritance issues. The conclusion of this study according to positive law in Indonesia is that it prohibits interfaith marriages and in fiqh it is also haram. Meanwhile, Maqashid al-Shariah as the goal of the Shari'a exists, viewing the bad as far more than the good. Abstrak Penelitian ini kami lakukan ketika ramai beritanya di televisi maupun media sosial berikut dengan pro dan kontranya. Pijakan yang pro adalah karena alasan kemanusiaan dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dan tidak mempermasalahkan beda agama selama keluarga tersebut harmonis dan bahagia. Sementara yang kontra adalah karena alasan hukum posistif di Indonesia yang melarangnya dan secara fikih pernikahan itu tidaklah sah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana Maqashid al-Syariah memandang pernikahan beda agama ini, dan sejauh mana efek yang ditimbulkannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah desrikptif analitik dengan mengkaji hukum normatif atau hukum positif di Indonesia dengan membandingkannya terhadap Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) secara konseptual, dan melihat masalah-masalah yang terjadi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pernikahan beda agama lebih banyak mendatangkan keburukan daripada kebaikan. Pernikahan yang seyogyanya untuk membina keharmonisan rumah tangga, justru dalam banyak kasus banyak yang dijumpai bercerai karena perselisihan dari mulai hak anak untuk memilih agama yang dianutnya sampai pada persoalan warisan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menurut hukum positif di Indonesia yaitu melarang perkawinan beda agama ini dan secara fikih juga adalah haram. Sedangkan Maqashid al Syariah sebagai tujuan syariat itu ada, memandang keburukan jauh lebih banyak daripada kebaikannya

Low accumulation of L90M in protease from subtype FHIV-1 with resistance to protease inhibitors is caused by the L89M polymorphism

Background. This work evaluates the role of subtype F human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease ( PR) substitutions L89M and L90M in viral replication and resistance to PR inhibitors (PIs).Methods. Subtype B and F PR genes were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, to create and reverse the methionine at positions 89 and 90. Viruses were re-created in cell culture, and their replicative capacity was assessed by fitness assay. Generated viruses were also phenotyped for PI resistance.Results. the subtype F clone (89M90L) showed a replicative capacity comparable to that of the PI-susceptible subtype B clone (89L90L) and was more fit than the L89M mutated subtype B clone ( 89M90L). Both 89M90M subtype B and F clones presented the lowest fitness s values. the L89M mutation impacted phenotypic resistance to all PIs in half of the subtype F isolates but not in the subtype B isolates. Subtype F isolates presented a phenotypic profile similar to that of subtype B isolates when the M89L mutation was introduced.Conclusion. the L89M mutation in subtype F viruses is a high genetic barrier to the accumulation of the L90M resistance mutation and can function as a resistance mutation, depending on the presence of other polymorphisms in the subtype F PR backbone.Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Mol Virol Lab, Inst Biol, BR-21944970 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Chem, Dept Inorgan Chem, BR-21944970 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande Sul, Ctr Biotechnol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Retrovirol Lab, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Retrovirol Lab, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Melatonin treatment decreases c-fos expression in a headache model induced by capsaicin

The aim of the present work was to analyze c-fos response within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of pinealectomized rats and animals that received intraperitoneal melatonin, after intracisternal infusion of capsaicin, used to induce intracranial trigeminovascular stimulation. Experimental groups consisted of animals that received vehicle solution (saline-ethanol-Tween 80, 8:1:1, diluted 1:50) only (VEI, n = 5); animals that received capsaicin solution (200 nM) only (CAP, n = 6); animals submitted to pinealectomy (PX, n = 5); sham-operated animals (SH, n = 5); animals submitted to pinealectomy followed by capsaicin stimulation (200 nM) after 15 days (PX + CAP, n = 7); and animals that received capsaicin solution (200 nM) and intraperitoneal melatonin (10 mg/kg) (CAP + MEL, n = 5). Control rats, receiving vehicle in the cisterna magna, showed a small number of c-fos-positive cells in the TNC (layer I/II) as well as the sham-operated and pinealectomized rats, when compared to animals stimulated by capsaicin. On the other hand, pinealectomized rats, which received capsaicin, presented the highest number of c-fos-positive cells. Animals receiving capsaicin and melatonin treatment had similar expression of the vehicle group. Our data provide experimental evidence to support the role of melatonin and pineal gland in the pathophysiology of neurovascular headaches.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Neurol Neurocirurgia, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol Biofis, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Neurol Neurocirurgia, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

DINASTI POLITIK: Transformasi Demokrasi Pancasila dalam Konteks Kekuasaan Keluarga

Dinasti politik merupakan fenomena yang masih langka dalam sistem politik Indonesia, ini memperlihatkan bahwa kekuasaan politik seringkali menjadi milik keluarga tertentu. Dalam konteks ini, demokrasi Pancasila terus bertransformasi, menghadapi tantangan besar dalam menjaga pluralisme dan keadilan dalam proses politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dampak dinasti politik terhadap transformasi demokrasi Pancasila serta mengeksplorasi upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi dominasi kekuasaan keluarga dalam politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis konten untuk memeriksa literatur terkait, data empiris, serta wawancara dengan para ahli politik dan masyarakat sipil yang memiliki pengalaman langsung dengan dinasti politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinasti politik memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap demokrasi Pancasila, mereduksi partisipasi politik masyarakat, mengurangi pluralisme, dan menimbulkan ketidakadilan dalam distribusi kekuasaan. Namun, penelitian juga mengungkapkan beberapa inisiatif masyarakat sipil dan reformasi kebijakan yang mungkin dapat mengurangi dominasi dinasti politik dan memperkuat demokrasi Pancasila. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya upaya bersama dari pemerintah, masyarakat sipil, dan lembaga internasional untuk mengatasi masalah dinasti politik dalam sistem politik Indonesia. Perlu adanya reformasi kebijakan yang mendukung partisipasi politik yang inklusif, mengurangi kesenjangan kekayaan dan akses terhadap kekuasaan politik, serta memperkuat mekanisme pengawasan dan akuntabilitas politik untuk memastikan bahwa demokrasi Pancasila tetap berfungsi sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsipnya

Diagnosis Kesulitan Belajar dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an

This research aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by a student from the perspective of the Koran. Learning difficulties can be influenced by various factors, ranging from learning styles, learning concentration problems, having unique learning preferences, different learning methods, health problems, lack of student motivation to learn, environmental problems, and emotional problems and interest in learning. Verses originating from the Koran are used as a basis for the analysis. If the learning methods used do not suit a person's learning style, they may have difficulty understanding and retaining information. Therefore, individuals must know their own learning styles to adopt appropriate learning strategies. As a basis for the analysis, verses originating from the Koran are used. This research is library-based with qualitative methods and data sources from journal articles, books, or observations of phenomena occurring in the world of education today

Dagnosis Kesulitan Belajar Dalam Perspektif al-Qur’an

This study aims to find out a student who has learning difficulties in the perspective of the Koran. As a basis for the analysis are verses originating from the Koran. Learning difficulties can be influenced by various factors, ranging from learning styles, learning concentration problems, having unique learning preferences, different learning methods, health problems, lack of student motivation, environmental problems and emotional problems and learning interest. If the learning method used does not suit a person's learning style, they may have difficulty understanding and remembering information. Therefore, it is important for individuals to know their own learning style in order to be able to adopt appropriate learning strategies. This research is literature-based using qualitative methods with data sources from journal articles, books or observations of phenomena that occur in the world of education today

PENAMBANGAN PASIR LAUT YANG MENIMBULKAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 27 TAHUN 2007

Kerusakan lingkungan hidup tidak lepas dari perbuatan manusia dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan lingkungan hidup. Kerusakan lingkungan yang diperbuat oleh manusia tanpa memperhatikan fungsi dari lingkungan hidup dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan lingkungan hidup dan ekosistem didalamnya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku (A) yaitu melakukan penambangan pasir laut di desa dasuk yang menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan dapat ditinjau dari undang-undang nomor 27 tahun 2007 tentang pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Pada kasus A melakukan penambangan pasir laut di desa dasuk yang menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan dapat dikenakan Pasal 73 huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil

Historiografia da educação brasileira: contribuição para o seu estudo na década anterior à instalação dos cursos de Pós-Graduação

 O presente texto analisa a produção historiográfica da educação brasileira no Estado de São Paulo, na década anterior à instalação dos cursos de pós-graduação, procurando evidenciar que tal período deu início a uma tradição de pesquisa no âmbito da história da educação brasileira e apresentou contribuição relevante, por ter produzido obras que, ainda hoje, constituem-se em referências obrigatórias.Palavras-chave: história da educação, historiografia da educação brasileira, pesquisa em história da educação brasileira.   Abstract This paper tries to make an appraisal of the historical research in brazilian education accomplished in São Paulo state, Brazil, during the decade before the graduate courses were started. It emphasizes that the educational history researches carried out in this period constitute an important contribution to historiography of brazilian education. Keywords: history of education, historiography of brazilian education, history of brazilian education research.

Propagation of Brazilian Zika virus strains in static, microcarrier-based and suspension cultures using BHK and Vero cells

The spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas results in an urgent need for the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Current strategies for ZIKV propagation in animal cells rely mainly on adherent Vero and C6/36 cells. This work focused on understanding ZIKV replication in animal cell culture to develop an inactivated or live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine in microcarrier culture or, preferably, in suspension cells, so that low cell-specific yields can be overcome by the establishment of high-cell density processes. First, adherent cells (Vero and BHK-21) were infected with different Brazilian ZIKV isolates. Comparing both cell lines, maximum infectious titers and cell-specific yields (1–48 PFU/cell) of respective virus strains were similar, whereas process yields across different strains strongly varied by two log-scales. Scale-up of Vero cells in bioreactors using 6 g/L Cytodex 1 resulted in maximum cell concentrations of 5.3 × 106 cells/mL. However, low cell-specific yields of 0.0002 PFU/cell indicated poor virus replication. Using suspension-adapted BHK-21 cells grown in a chemically-defined medium, higher virus titers were achieved when infections were initiated at the mid/late exponential growth phase at MOI 0.001. Nevertheless, cell-specific yields did not exceed 0.0002 PFU/cell. Subsequent RT-qPCR data indicated a poor virus release as intracellular viral RNA levels were 20-fold higher than extracellular levels. At small-scale, centrifugal spinoculation was evaluated to enhance ZIKV infection in suspension BHK-21 cells, with no significant improvements. In a further investigation with these cells in a perfusion bioreactor using an ATF-2 filtration system, a maximum cell concentration of 14 × 106 cells/mL was achieved with a final titer of 4.6 × 106 PFU/mL and an increased cell-specific yield of 0.09 PFU/cell. Overall, the present results demonstrate that ZIKV propagation in microcarrier- and suspension-based systems is challenging regarding virus yields. Future investigations will focus on improving cell-specific yields by adapting Zika virus isolates to suspension cell lines, and on increasing maximum titers by process intensification