Scénarios du vécu : cinéma, histoire et récit de vie

Ce texte explore les relations entre récits de vie et scénarios, à partir d'un corpus d'entretiens portant sur les années 1914-1945. Il part d'un constat a priori surprenant : ces récits de vie ont beaucoup à voir avec des scénarios de films, ou plus largement des scénarios médiatiques, auxquels ils empruntent toutes sortes d'éléments. On montre d'abord comment les récits de vie se réapproprient ces matériaux rapportés, qu'ils intègrent très précisément dans leurs cohérences spécifiques. On explore ensuite les fonctions de ce recours à des modèles consacrés. L'étude aboutit à mettre en question la distinction entre vécu et fiction, parole et cinéma, et à préciser les relations entre récit personnel et imaginaire collectif.This text explores the relations between real-life narratives, based on a body of interviews led between 1914 and 1945, and screenplays. Its point of departure may at first appear surprising : these real-life narratives have much in common with film screenplays, or more generally with mass-media scripts from which they borrow all types of elements. We will first see how real-life narratives reappropriate these exterior materials and integrate them very precisely within their own coherent scheme. We will then examine the functions of this recourse to established models. The study concludes by calling into question the distinction between actual experience and fiction, speech and cinema, and by specifying the relations between personal narrative and collective imagination

Er steril triploid torsk redninga for torskeoppdrett?

Oppdrett av torsk har dei siste åra møtt kraftig motvind på grunn av dårleg lønsemd og til dels dårleg omdøme grunna mykje røming. Samtidig har den biologiske føresetnaden for å lukkast med torskeoppdrett blitt betre år for år, og marknadsutsiktene er bra om ein greier å halde produksjonskostnadene nede. :: In recent years, the cod farming industry has faced a steep uphill battle on account of poor profitability and, to some extent, a bad reputation due to a large number of escapes. Meanwhile, the biological conditions for successful cod farming are constantly improving, and the market prospects are good if production costs can be kept down

Control of puberty in farmed fish

91 p., il., y bibliografía. Geir Lasse Taranger [et al.]Puberty comprises the transition from an immature juvenile to a mature adult state of the reproductive system, i.e. the individual becomes capable of reproducing sexually for the first time, which implies functional competence of the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis. Early puberty is a major problem in many farmed fish species due to negative effects on growth performance, flesh composition, external appearance, behaviour, health, welfare and survival, as well as possible genetic impact on wild populations. Late puberty can also be a problem for broodstock management in some species, while some species completely fail to enter puberty under farming conditions. Age and size at puberty varies between and within species and strains, and are modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Puberty onset is controlled by activation of the BPG axis, and a range of internal and external factors are hypothesized to stimulate and/or modulate this activation such as growth, adiposity, feed intake, photoperiod, temperature and social factors. For example, there is a positive correlation between rapid growth and early puberty in fish. Age at puberty can be controlled by selective breeding or control of photoperiod, feeding or temperature. Monosex stocks can exploit sex dimorphic growth patterns and sterility can be achieved by triploidisation. However, all these techniques have limitations under commercial farming conditions. Further knowledge is needed on both basic and applied aspects of puberty control to refine existing methods and to develop new methods that are efficient in terms of production and acceptable in terms of fish welfare and sustainability.Peer reviewe

Litologisk analyse av marine sedimenter og registrering av foraminifera fra et brerandtrinn - avsatt i øvre del av Bjørnøyrenna i Barentshavet fra siste istids maksimum til holocen

I denne oppgaven er 5 sedimentkjerner fra et brerandtrinn i øvre del av Bjørnøyrenna analysert på grunnlag av visuell logging, kornstørrelsesanalyse og sedimentenes fysiske egenskaper. Det er observert 3 litologiske enheter som representerer ulike stadier i tilbaketrekningen av den marine isstrømmen i øvre del av Bjørnøyrenna. Isstrømmen var hovedutløp for det store Barentshavisdekket som dekket store deler av Barentshavet under siste istids maksimum (LGM) for 20.000 år siden. Enhet C antas å være en form for morene dannet subglasialt under LGM. Enhet B foreslås å være en glasimarin avsetning dannet under deglasiasjonen, hvor sand og silt trolig er avsatt fra isfjell, og leire er avsatt fra smeltevannsskyer. Enhet A er tolket som marine sedimenter avsatt i holocen, der det høye innholdet av sand og silt trolig har kommet med havis, isfjell eller resedimentasjon fra nærliggende banker. Det er også gjennomført en detaljert kornstørrelsesanalyse i forsøk på å få et bedre bilde av hvilke transport- og avsetningsmekanismer som har funnet sted. Datering av makrofossiler fra 2 av kjernene i enhet B viser en alder på 7700-6600 cal BP. Etter analysene som er gjennomført, foreslås det at disse viser for ung alder, og at Enhet B er avsatt under deglasiasjonen (14-10.000 BP)

Passive Oscillating Foils for Additional Propulsion under Calm Conditions

Denne masteroppgaven tar for seg ulike konsepter som kan bidra til å øke hastigheten til the Ocean Cleanup sitt pilot prosjekt, System 001. Ettersom systemet opererer i Stillehavet, mellom Hawaii og California, var det naturlig å bruke værdata fra dette området til å finne konsepter som kan utnytte rolige sjøtilstander mer effektivt. I denne oppgaven har en signifikant bølgehøyde, Hs, på 0.8586 m, en bølgeperiode, Tp, på 3.9872 s og en bølgelengde, λ , på 24.8213 m blitt brukt for å modellere været i området. Flere konsepter ble diskutert som mulige løsninger, som blant annet kiter, ror og seil. Denne oppgaven vil i midlertid ta for seg bruken av passivt oscillerende foiler for å øke framdriften til systemet. Foilen som ble brukt i denne modellen er en NACA 0012 symmetrisk foil for å kunne generere framdrift når den beveger seg opp og ned vertikalt, og er plassert 12 m under havoverflaten. Videre har foilen en kordelengde c = 1 m og et spenn b = 2 m. Modellen bruker kvasi-statisk teori og beregningene for framdrift er gjort ved bruk av empirisk data. Den totale framdriften generert av foilen ble funnet til å være 116 N. Ved å ta hele systemet inn i betraktning ble den totale økte hastigheten funnet til å være 0.1952 m/s. Ettersom systemet var antatt å drifte med en hastighet på 0.0735 m/s uten bruk av passivt oscillerende foiler, indikerer resultatene at hastigheten vil øke med 165%. Resultatene indikerer dermed at under de gitte værtilstandene brukt i denne modellen vil systemet bevege seg raskere, og vil da potensielt også kunne bevege seg raskere enn plastikken. Det er i midlertid viktig å bemerke seg at disse resultatene er basert på flere antakelser. Det er dermed nødvendig å finregne på dette på et senere tidspunkt, for eksempel ved hjelp av numerisk hydrodynamikk. I tillegg, vil det være relevant å sammenligne dette konseptet med andre konsepter som utnytter bølgene i området. Videre vil det også være relevant å sammenligne dette konseptet med konsepter som tar i bruk andre krefter, som vind og strømning.This thesis investigates concepts for making the Ocean Cleanup’s passive cleanup system, System 001, drift faster under calm conditions. As the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) in the North Pacific Ocean, the weather in this area was analysed in order to come up with concepts that could utilise the calm conditions more efficiently. Thus, for this thesis, a significant wave height, Hs, of 0.8586 m, a peak wave period, Tp, of 3.9872 s and a wavelength, λ, of 24.8213 m was used to model the wave conditions in the area. Multiple concepts, such as kites, rudders, and sails were discussed as possible solutions. However, this thesis considers the use of passive oscillating foils for additional propulsion. The foil profile used was a symmetrical NACA 0012 profile in order generate thrust on both the up- and down-stroke, and are placed 12 m below the surface. Further, the foil had a chord length of c = 1 m and span b = 2 m for the purpose of the calculations in this thesis. The model for this thesis was set up by use of quasi-static theory and the thrust was calculated by use of empirical data. The thrust obtained by the foil was found to be 116 N. However, taking the rest of the system into account, the total increase in velocity was found to be 0.1952 m/s. As the system is assumed to drift at a speed of 0.0735 m/s prior to the installation of foils, the results indicate that the system may be able to increase its speed by 165%. This indicates that under the given conditions, the system will be able to move faster, and thus will potentially also be able to move faster than the plastic by use of passive oscillating foils. It is however important to keep in mind that the results are based on multiple assumptions and would have to be calculated more carefully before the concept can be applied in real life. This could, for instance, be done by use of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). In addition, it would be relevant to compare this concept to other concepts that utilise waves in order to determine whether this is the best solution. Further, it would also be relevant to compare with concepts that utilise wind and currents

Will sterile triploid cod save the cod farming industry?

Oppdrett av torsk har dei siste åra møtt kraftig motvind på grunn av dårleg lønsemd og til dels dårleg omdøme grunna mykje røming. Samtidig har den biologiske føresetnaden for å lukkast med torskeoppdrett blitt betre år for år, og marknadsutsiktene er bra om ein greier å halde produksjonskostnadene nede. :: In recent years, the cod farming industry has faced a steep uphill battle on account of poor profitability and, to some extent, a bad reputation due to a large number of escapes. Meanwhile, the biological conditions for successful cod farming are constantly improving, and the market prospects are good if production costs can be kept down

Plasticity in response to feed availability - does feeding regime influence the relative growth performance of domesticated, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr?

Growth of farmed, wild and F1 hybrid Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar, was investigated under three contrasting feeding regimes in order to understand how varying levels of food availability affects relative growth. Treatments consisted of standard hatchery feeding (ad libitum), access to feed for 4h every day, and access to feed for 24h on three alternate days weekly. Mortality was low in all treatments, and food availability had no effect on survival of all groups. The offspring of farmed S. salar significantly outgrew the wild S. salar, while hybrids displayed intermediate growth. Furthermore, the relative growth differences between the farmed and wild S. salar did not change across feeding treatments, indicating a similar plasticity in response to feed availability. Although undertaken in a hatchery setting, these results suggest that food availability may not be the sole driver behind the observed reduced growth differences found between farmed and wild fishes under natural conditions

Le jeu et la loi

On sait que les sociétés déterminent leurs formes. L’art est soumis à des lois qui règlent son émergence, sa recevabilité, sa lisibilité. Cela est d’autant plus net en ce qui concerne le cinéma que le poids de l’industrie d’une part, de la technique d’autre part, y est certainement plus fort que dans les autres domaines, les normes étant de ce fait à la fois moins diverses et plus contraignantes. Dès lors, la production artistique en général et cinématographique en particulier peut-elle fonct..

Reprogramming somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state with cell-free extracts

The live birth of cloned animals has shown that somatic cells are not irrevesibly committed to their fate. A functional reprogramming of differentiated cells to pluripotency may present beneficial applications in regenerative medicine. A differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by transfer into enucleated oocytes, fusion with a pluripotent cell or forced expression of pluripotency genes. Some of these genes can be substituted by proteins, suggesting that reprogramming cells by non-genetic means is possible. The main hypothesis of this thesis is whether the introduction of factors derived from pluripotent cells into somatic target cells epigenetically and functionally could reprogram the target cell to pluripotency. This thesis reports the reprogramming of function of human kidney epithelial 293T cells treated with extracts from human embryonal carcinoma cells and of mouse NIH3T3 cells treated with extract from mouse embryonal stem cells (ESC). Morphological observations, genome-wide gene expression analysis, RT-qPCR analysis, immunolabeling, in vitro differentiation assays, locus-specific assessments in DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications, as well as changes in surface markers and intracellular protein expression analysed by mass spectrometry are consistent with long-lasting alterations in somatic cell fate as a result of treatment with pluripotent cell extracts. Extract-mediated reprogramming is non-genetic and thus may be more easily ethically amd medically acceptable than methods using viruses or human eggs