What third-country role is open to the UK in defence? CEPS Commentary 24 April 2018

What expectations should the EU harbour with respect to Britain’s continued contribution to EU defence activities after Brexit and can the former member state expect special treatment

Biomonitoring of the genotoxic potential (micronucleus assay) and detoxifying activity (EROD induction) in the River Dadou (France), using the amphibian Xenopus laevis

Within the framework of a general survey of the water quality of the river Dadou (Tarn, France), different physicochemical parameters were measured and an inventory of the fish population was made along the water course, around the Rassisse dam.With the aim of monitoring the potential genotoxic effects and the detoxifying activities induced in organisms exposed to the river water, two in vivo bioassays were performed in laboratory experiments, using larvae of the amphibian Xenopus laevis.The first was the micronucleus test, using red blood cells, and the second the assay of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction in the liver of exposed animals.Eight water samples were taken from the river and at outlet points from the two major industrial activities of the studied section of the water course: a spar-fluor mine and a water treatment plant.Genotoxic impact and EROD induction were measured in the larvae.The effluent of the filter-washing process from the water treatment plant was found to be particularly genotoxic, even after dilution in pure reconstituted water, but no particular genotoxicity was found, either in Dadou river water, or in the effluents from the mine.On the other hand, most of the water samples tested produced a clear induction of EROD activity compared to the level of enzymatic activity found in the liver of larvae reared in the river water sampled upstream of the industrial activities.These results were interpreted taking into account (i) the high concentrations of pollutants (fluorine and manganese) measured in the river water, (ii) the very low population levels inventoried in the downstream section of the river and (iii) the possible interactions between the substances present in the river water, particularly the classical EROD inducers PAHs and PCBs

Iter Pannonicum. Kapcsolattörténeti - tudománytörténeti alapkutatások = Iter Pannonicum. Researches of 'connection history' in the subject area of the history of science

OTKA-kutatásom első és második évében Tardy Lajos tudományos hagyatékának elsősorban az idegen nyelven írott anyagait dolgoztam fel, Schultheisz Emil professzor úrral együtt. A bibliográfiai anyagokkal, magyarázatokkal, új kutatási eredményekkel kiegészített tanulmányokból kilenc darab két szaktudományi monográfia részeként jelent meg. Ezek között esik szó Orlayról, Gyöngyössyről, a két Dee-ről, az olasz-magyar kapcsolatokról, a magyar járványtörténetről és Széky Jánosról. Kutatásom harmadik és negyedik évében további a kapcsolattörténeti (orosz-magyar, grúz-magyar stb.) anyagok feldolgozására került sor, köztük a Magyarországon élt külföldi orvosokról (pl. Izsák zsidó orvosról, valamint a ide telepedett orvosokról, orvosdinasztiákról), illetve az Oroszországban szolgált magyar szakemberekről, különös tekintettel a 18. század második felére. Az utóbbiak sorában dolgoztatott fel Borisz Godunov magyar orvosának a munkássága, esett szó a két Pekenről, Kereszturi Ferencről, Reineggs Jakabról, Koritáry Györgyről és tudós kortársaikról. Kutatásomat a nem könnyen összeállított Tardy életmű-bibliográfia zárja. Ezeknél az anyagoknál is Schultheisz Emil professzor úr volt segítségemre. Az imént felsorol kutatási anyagokat önálló kötetben adtam közre, amelyhez megjelenése után tudományos konferencia is kapcsolódott. Úgy vélem, hogy egy értékes tudománytörténeti forrásanyagot sikerült felszínre hozni és közreadni. | In the first and second years of my research supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, I studied the literary legacy of Lajos Tardy together with Professor Emil Schultheisz. Most of the papers were written in foreign language. Nine of the studies - completed with bibliographical data, explanations and new research results - were published as parts of two professional monographs. These papers deal with, among others, Orlay, Gyöngyössy, the two Dees, the Italian-Hungarian relationship, the history of epidemics in Hungary and J. Széky. In the third and fourth years of my research, I studied the materials about further historical relationships (Russian-Hungarian, Georgian-Hungarian etc.) including the life of foreign physicians who lived in Hungary (e. g., the Jewish doctor Izsák, doctors and doctor dynasties that settled in Hungary) as well as Hungarian professionals who served in Russia, particularly in the second half of the 18th century. The latter included the life-work of the Hungarian physician of Boris Godunov, and the work of the two Pekens, F. Kereszturi, J. Reineggs, Gy. Koritáry and their contemporary scientists. My study is completed with a full bibliography of Tardy, which was not easy to collect. Professor Emil Schultheisz helped me in this work. My research papers listed above were published in one volume, and a scientific conference followed its publication. I think I have discovered and published valuable sources in the history of science

AVANTAGE FISCAL DU CREDIT IMPÔT-FORMATION

Face à la nécessité, en gestion des ressources humaines, de mettre en place dans les entreprises une stratégie de formation, notre étude portera sur la possibilité d'utiliser un avantage fiscal comme le crédit-impôt formation, pour répondre aux besoins financiers de cette dépense considérée comme un investissement.formation professionnelle continue ; obligation légale de versement ; charge ; investissement ; fiscalité ; avantage fiscal ; crédit-impôt formation

L’héritage de la SDN, l'espoir de I'ONU. Le rôle de I'ONU dans la gestion de la sécurité internationale

Au sortir de la Première Guerre mondiale, l'idéalisme véhiculé par Woodrow Wilson, Raoul Dandurand ou le Français Léon Bourgeois avait donné naissance à une organisation à vocation universelle de promotion des valeurs de paix. La Société des Nations (SDN) participait du projet irénique d'instauration de la paix par le droit. En 1945, les pères fondateurs de I'ONU sont inspirés par le même idéalisme, mais ils veulent aussi tirer les enseignements des échecs de la SDN. Là où la SDN avait échoué dans sa tâche de gestion de la sécurité internationale I'ONU réussirait, notamment parce qu'elle ne reproduirait pas les imperfections de la SDN. Ainsi I'ONU incarnait-elle l'espoir que la SDN n'avait pu concrétiser. À l'aube du siècle naissant, cet espoir que I'ONU portait en elle est largement déçu. Elle n'a certes pas pâti des mêmes difficultés que la SDN et peut se prévaloir d'un certain nombre de succès, mais elle est incontestablement diminuée dans son rôle de garant de la paix par un bilan très mitigé. Bien plus, alors que la guerre froide avait conduit I'ONU à une paralysie forcée, le renouveau consécutif à la fin de l'opposition Est-Ouest ne lui a pas permis de se réapproprier sa tâche première de maintien de la paix.At the end of the First World War, the idealism of Woodrow Wilson, Raoul Dandurand and Léon Bourgeois of France spawned a world organization dedicated to promoting the values of peace. The League of Nations belonged to an irenical project to institute peace grounded in law. In 1945, the founders of the UN were imbued with the same idealism, but they were also determined to draw lessons from the failure of the League of Nations. Where the League had failed in the task of managing international security, the UN would succeed, largely because it would not reproduce the League's flaws. The UN therefore became the bearer of the hope which the League had failed to fulfil. At the dawn of a new century, the hopes invested in the UN have been disappointed to a large degree. To be sure, the UN has not been beset by the same difficulties as the League and has achieved some successes, but its spotty track record has unquestionably undermined its role as a guarantor of peace. More significantly, the UN was forced into paralysis during the Cold War and has been unable to reclaim its main function of peacekeeping during the period of renewal that has followed the end of the East-West conflict