Job Satisfaction for Employees: Evidence from Karachi Electric Supply Corporation

Research has been conducted in order to critically evaluate and examine the level of employees’ satisfaction as well as the factors of dissatisfaction among the employees of Karachi Electric supply Corporation (KESC). The purpose of this study is also to observe and analyze the factors which create job dissatisfaction especially among the hardworking managers, and to find out the reasons which make them realize that they don not have a clear career path along working with KESC. The primary data for this study was compiled through questionnaire filled in on a one-to-one basis by 60 respondents from a representative sample of employees of (KESC) in Karachi district in the last quarter of 2008. The results have shown that Working Environment, Total Compensation, Growth Opportunities and Training & Development are significant factor and these four are affecting Job Satisfaction and correlated with each others. The study was faced by certain limitations and those limitations included time constraints and resources constraints, which limited this research to only the Karachi Head office of the KESC organization. According to a number of literatures studied, lack of job satisfaction is a serious issue in various organizations and job dissatisfaction has become a major obstacle in employees’ productivity and company’s growth. There are numbers of factors which can create job dissatisfaction among employees but in this study the very critical factors are discussed upon which KESC management should really work on.KESC, Factors; Employees’ Job Satisfaction; Productivity; Growth; Compensation

MEDERED: Medical Error Reduction Method for Drugs Prescription

Medicines play a pivotal role in healthcare and errors in medications certainly influence the quality and safety of healthcare. Currently, the healthcare industry is provided with various technologies that have enabled them to streamline and optimize the healthcare process. However, there are a number of factors that need to be synchronized further to obtain and enhance patient safety. In this research, an attempt is made to develop an intelligent method for smart diagnosis and medication prescription encompassing input, data process, and drug prescription output. The architectural design and prototype for the system model has a database that is referred to as Medical Health Record (MHR). The patient's medical history will be integrated with the prevailing symptoms in MHR. The MHR will help healthcare professionals to diagnose a particular disease based on his/her current symptoms, medical signs, and investigational data. Further, physician and pharmacist heuristic can be utilized for drug determination, drug allergy, adverse reaction, and possible drugdrug/herb/food interaction. The medical dataset was extracted from PubMed. This new AI based approach will re-engineer intelligent smart methods to develop quality healthcare in the most appropriate fashion. The learning results demonstrated an accuracy of 75.37%, providing a solid baseline for future model improvements

Assessment of overall heat transfer coefficient models to predict the performance of laboratory-scale jacketed batch reactors

Heat transfer models for agitated, jacketed, laboratory-scale batch reactors are required to predict process temperature profiles with great accuracy for tasks associated with chemical process development such as batch crystallization and chemical reaction kinetics modeling. The standard approach uses a reduced model which assumes the system can be adequately represented by a single overall heat transfer coefficient which is independent of time; however, the performance of reduced models for predicting the evolution of process temperature is rarely discussed. Laboratory scale (0.5 and 5 L) experiments were conducted using a Huber thermoregulator to deliver a thermal fluid at constant flow to a heat transfer jacket. It is demonstrated that the relative specific heat contribution of the reactor and inserts represent an increasing obstacle for these transient models with decreasing scale. However, a series of experiments implied that thermal losses were the limiting factor in the performance of a single coefficient reduced model at laboratory-scale. A diabatic model is presented which accounts for both thermal losses and the thermal inertia of the reactor vessel and inserts by incorporating a second coefficient and a modified heat capacity term. The mean absolute error in predicted process temperature was thereby reduced by a factor of 8, from 2.4 to 0.3 K, over a 150 min experiment

Entropy-Induced Wavefunction Collapse: A Thermodynamic Resolution of the Quantum Measurement Problem

One of the most elusive questions in Quantum mechanics has been: why do quantum systems that can exist in many states at once (like Schrödinger’s cat being both alive and dead) appear to “collapse” into a single outcome when measured? This paper argues that instead of assuming that “collapse” happens as an unexplained process, wavefunction collapse is not a fundamental event, but a natural consequence of thermodynamics, the same laws that govern heat, disorder, and irreversibility. Primarily, when we measure a quantum system, we entangle it with a measuring device and its environment. If this process produces enough entropy (a kind of disorder or lost information), then the system becomes effectively classical. It looks like the wavefunction has collapsed, though in truth, the global quantum state remains untouched. What we experience as a single outcome is actually the result of irreversible entropy hiding the quantum coherence from view. The paper proposes a precise equation that links how much coherence remains in a system to how much entropy the environment has absorbed. Once a minimal threshold is crossed (about the same as recording one bit of information), the quantum system becomes practically indistinguishable from a classical one. That’s when “collapse” becomes irreversible—for all practical purposes. This approach unifies ideas from quantum physics, thermodynamics, and information theory. It doesn’t require adding any new physics; no hidden variables, no many worlds, no mysterious consciousness-induced effects. Instead, it reframes collapse as a thermodynamic phase transition, offering a testable and intuitive path to resolving one of physics' most stubborn puzzles. In short: collapse isn’t magic. It’s heat

Design and modeling of a linear array of longitudinal slots on substrate integrated waveguide

In this thesis, the design of a broadside resonant linear array antenna of longitudinal slots on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for uniform aperture distribution and for a symmetric tapered distribution is presented. The concept of SIW has been proposed and used in which an "artificial" waveguide is synthesized and constructed with linear arrays of metallized via-holes or posts embedded in the same substrate used for the planar circuit. The SIW has been suitably converted to an equivalent rectangular waveguide. Elliott's modified design procedure including the internal higher order mode coupling, suitable for the usual range of thickness of the substrate, has been followed to obtain the optimum dimensions and positions of slots. The data for 'self-admittance' of an isolated slot as a function of its length and displacement, a requisite in Elliot's design procedure, has been generated by a commercially available full-wave finite element package Ansoft HFSS using an equivalent circuit for the slot with a subsequent extraction of Stegen-type curves. The validity and accuracy of the methodology have been compared with available published results for a slot on an X-band waveguide at 9.375 GHz

Temporal Analysis of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Salmonella: A Three-Year Surveillance Study

AbstractObjective: The study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella sp. strainsover a three-year period in a tertiary care hospital.Methodology: It was a retrospective observational study. Electronic medical records were utilized fordata retrieval from 2017 to 2019. The study parameters included individuals of all age groups, andgenders diagnosed with typhoid based on positive blood cultures. Identification, speciation, andantimicrobial susceptibility testing adhered to standardized protocols, with statistical analysis conductedusing SPSS 25.0.Results: Among 769 Salmonella isolates, 709 cases were reported in 2019, making it the highestincidence over the study period. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains peaked in 2019, comprisingapproximately 50% of cases, while multiple drug-resistant strains accounted for 25%. Notably, resistanceto ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone exhibited a consistent upward trend over thethree-year span. Ciprofloxacin demonstrated the highest resistance, with only 4% sensitivity amongSalmonella isolates.Conclusion: The findings have highlighted a concerning escalation in antimicrobial resistance amongSalmonella Typhi strains in Punjab, Pakistan, particularly evident in the prevalence of extensively drugresistantstrains. Multi-drug and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella are difficult to treat andmay give rise to even more drug resistance if not treated appropriately, leading to a vicious cycle of resistance.Keywords: Typhoid fever, antimicrobial resistance, Drug-resistant strains, public health, Pakista

N-[4-(Phenyl­imino­meth­yl)phen­yl]acetamide 0.67-hydrate

The title compound, C15H14N2O·0.67H2O, was prepared by the reaction of 4-acetoamine­benzaldehyde and aniline. The asymmetric unit contains six organic mol­ecules and four water mol­ecules. The dihedral angles between the aromatic ring planes in each organic mol­ecule vary from 42.4 (2) to 53.8 (2)°. In the crystal, an extensive network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into [010] chains

Clinical and Histopathological Relevance of Helicobacter pylori BabA2 Genotype

Introduction: H. pylori BabA is an outer membrane protein that mediates bacterial adherence to the gastric epithelium, triggers several pathways during the course of infection, and thus contributes to the disease development. Considering the variability in the presence of BabA coding gene (babA2) among H. pylori clinical strains, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the genotype status of H. pylori babA2 and the severity of clinical and histopathological outcomes. Methods: Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were collected from 30 CLO test-positive patients, 16 with gastritis and 14 with peptic ulcer disease. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the presence of H. pylori-specific glmM gene and BabA coding gene (babA2). Histopathological examination was performed to evaluate the severity of H. pylori-associated gastric disease according to the Updated Sydney Classification System. Results: The glmM and babA2 genes were present in 100% and 86.7% of the tested H. pylori strains, respectively. Although higher degrees of inflammatory activity and H. pylori density were noted in babA2-positive biopsy specimens, there was no statistically significant association between babA2 genotype status and the severity of gastric disease. Conclusion: The babA2 genotype status of H. pylori may not be considered as a sole marker for determining the infection outcomes

Bis(2-chloro­benz­yl)dimethyl­ammonium bromide

In the title compound, C16H18Cl2N+·Br−, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 57.73 (5)°. In the absence of any strong hydrogen bonds, the structure results from a large number of competing weaker inter­actions including Cl⋯Cl [3.4610 (5) Å] and C—H⋯Cl contacts and both (aryl) C—H⋯Br and N+—Csp 3—H⋯Br− cation–anion inter­actions