Second and third-order nonlinear optical behavior of natural pigment: chlorophyll and crocin

To provide an insight into the microscopic second and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of chlorophyll a and crocin, we have computed the electric dipole moments (μ), dispersion-free first hyperpolarizabilities (β), frequency-dependent first and second (γ) hyperpolarizabilities at 1064 nm wavelength area using time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method. According to ab-initio calculation results, the examined compounds exhibit first and second hyperpolarizabilities with non-zero values, implying second and third-order NLO phenomena

Social Studies Education’s Two Main Branches-The Relationshıp Between History And Geography

The interaction of history and geography is at a very high level. However, whether historical geography is studied at secondary school level is a situation that should be taken into account in both national and international education practices. Because an interdisciplinary and synthetic approach is necessary to make learning permanent. Aim: In this study, an answer has been sought to the question of whether historical geography can be adopted as an educational approach in social studies education. The question of whether it is possible to activate the interdisciplinary approach at the secondary school level has been discussed in the context of historical geography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of reflection of the principle of providing an interdisciplinary approach in Social Studies Education to the Social Studies Curriculum (SSC, 2018) and Social Studies Textbooks being implemented in Turkey within the scope of historical geography. Based on this sample center, it is aimed to focus on the development of the historical geography approach and the synthesis approach in students. It is aimed to determine the place of historical geography in social studies education. The study is based on qualitative research design. Firstly data were collected by interview method. The questions determined about the subject of historical geography were asked to the social studies teacher in order to answer them. The purpose of this is to evaluate the situation of historical geography in the application processes. On the other hand the data collection process developed on textbooks and program. For this purpose, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade textbooks and program were examined by document analysis method, data were collected regarding historical geography contents. Findings were evaluated and interpreted with descriptive analysis. Subjects that may be related to historical geography were examined and a synthesis was conducted. As a result according to the findings, the definition and scope of historical geography were not directly addressed in the curriculum and textbooks. However, there are many contents that can be considered within the scope of historical geography, especially in textbooks

Computational studies on linear, second and third-order nonlinear optical properties of novel styrylquinolinium dyes

The electric dipole moments (μ), static dipole polarizabilities (α) and first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of styrylquinolinium dyes, D8 and D21, have been computed by density functional theory (DFT). The one-photon absorption (OPA) characterizations have been investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy and further interpreted using computational chemistry. The time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) method has been used to describe the dynamic dipole polarizabilities, dynamic second-order and also static and dynamic third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. D8–D21 have rather high β and second hyperpolarizabilities (γ). The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and the HOMO–LUMO band gaps for D8–D21 have been evaluated by DFT

Taming Bromine Azide for Use in Organic Solvents─Radical Bromoazidations and Alcohol Oxidations

The formation of bromine azide from the bisazidobromate(I) anion or alternatively from Zhdankin’s reagent, using a phosphonium bromide salt as a common starting point, is reported. After homolytic cleavage in the presence of alkenes or alcohols either 1,2-functionalization or alternatively the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols in the presence of primary alcohols occur. The scopes and limitations of the use of BrN3 are covered

Careers advancement of women: Applying a multi-level relational perspective in the context of Turkish banking organisations

This article investigates the question of why women remain underrepresented in management positions despite their increasing presence in the Turkish banking sector context. By using an integrative framework that brings together the relational and institutional perspectives, this article seeks to understand how macro-level contextual influences reflect on meso-organisational processes and practices, which in turn influence women’s micro-individual career trajectories. This article explores the careers experiences of 49 female banking professionals from three distinct banking organisations (Turkish, western and Islamic). The findings reveal that women’s limited representation at managerial level is an outcome of the interplay between macro-, meso- and micro-level issues. At the macro-level, the article highlights religion-based fragmented social structure as a key factor in the socio-cultural context of Turkey. At the meso-level, the analysis of the three different cases identifies factors relevant to both western and Middle Eastern societal contexts. At the micro-level, the analysis highlights how women’s perceptions of macro-level barriers change depending on their organisational context, emphasising the interrelatedness between these three levels. The article contributes to women’s career literature by providing the Turkish perspective and introducing novel insights into the interplay between societal forces, organisational practices and individuals’ perceptions

Scalar fields in f (G) gravity

In this study, we investigated scalar field in f(G)-gravity by using LRS Bianchi type-I universe. Massless and massive scalar field models are separately constructed in f(G)-gravity. Massless scalar field models are examined in the cases of constant and exponential potential fields. For all models, solutions of field equations are obtained under the consideration of A = B-n. f(G) functions for each model are separately attained in theory. It is shown that constructed models in the presence of massless scalar field permit quintessence scalar field. Also, it is observed that each model indicates expanding universe with deceleration. Also, kinematical quantities are analyzed in the light of obtained solutions. All models are concluded with a geometric and physical perspective.Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit [FBA-2019-2908]This work was supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, The Scientific Research Coordination Unit, Project Number: FBA-2019-2908

Einstein-Rosen universe with scalar field in f(R,T) theories

Non-static Einstein-Rosen universe with scalar field is examined via two different selection of f(R, T) models. Firstly, we analyzed Einstein-Rosen universe with scalar field in f(R, T) = R + 2f(T) model. Then, we constructed field equations for f(R, T) = f(1)(R) + f(2)(R)f(3)(T) model, as well. For both models, exact solutions of field equations have been attained without considering any approximation or restriction. Whether scalar field corresponds to phantom and/or quintessence scalar field are investigated for each models

A Trickle-Down Model of Task and Development I-Deals

In today’s competitive landscape, employees increasingly negotiate idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), referring to personalized work arrangements that address recipients’ unique work needs and preferences. While i-deals unfold in a dyadic context between subordinates and their managers, the consequences of i-deals concern everyone including co-workers and the organization. Focusing on task and development i-deals, we propose a trickle-down model to explore whether and how organizations benefit from i-deals. First, we argue that managers’ task and development i-deals cascade down to their subordinates, leading them to have similar i-deals with downstream consequences for co-workers and the organization. Furthermore, we propose that effective implementation of task and development i-deals are context-specific: we integrate the role of managers’ servant leadership as a boundary condition to explore the association between managers’ and subordinates’ task and development i-deals. We also integrate subordinates’ prosocial motives to explore the association between subordinates’ task and development i-deals and their work outcomes. We draw on work adjustment, social learning and social information processing theories to study our proposed associations. The results of a matched employee–manager dataset collected in the Philippines support our hypothesized model. This study contributes to i-deals research by: (1) testing whether and how task and development i-deals can be mutually beneficial for all the involved parties; and (2) revealing how the context, at the individual level, explains how and when task and development i-deals can best be implemented in workplaces. This study highlights that individualization of HR practices need not be a zero-sum game.</p