Effects of magnesium source and monensin on mineral absorption and balance in lactating dairy cows

Clinical deficiencies of magnesium (Mg), unlike other macro-minerals, are not uncommon in U.S. dairy cows. This is partly because cows have small labile pools of Mg. Absorption of Mg can also differ depending on dietary potassium concentrations, solubility of Mg source and supplementing monensin, a common feed additive. We investigated the interaction of Mg source (MgO vs MgSO4) and monensin in diets subject to antagonism from high dietary potassium. Our hypothesis was a more soluble Mg source (i.e., MgSO4) with monensin would increase Mg absorption, and the effects would be additive. Eighteen Holstein cows were used in a split-plot, Latin square design. The whole plot was monensin (0 or 14 mg/kg) and subplot was Mg source. This design minimizes carryover effects from monensin, but allows cows to receive each Mg source. Periods were 21 d in length. Absorption and balance of minerals was measured via total collection of feces and urine on d 16 to 20, and used to calculate mineral balances. Calcium intake was similar for all treatments, but absorption and balance were greater for MgSO4. Intake of Mg was also similar, however, apparent absorption had an interaction. Without monensin, MgSO4 increased apparent absorption, whereas with monensin, MgSO4 decreased absorption. Feeding MgSO4 increased sulfur intake and absorption compared to MgO diets; of which, urinary sulfur excretion accounted for about 89% of the greater absorption. These results suggest MgSO4 or SO42- may benefit calcium homeostasis, and suggest monensin should be considered when evaluating source and supplementation rate of Mg

The intersection of race, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, trans identity, and mental health outcomes

The present study examined patterns in trans individuals’ multiple identities and mental health outcomes. Cluster 1 (socioeconomic and racial privilege; n = 239) was characterized by individuals who identified as trans women or cross-dressers, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning; had associates degrees; reported household incomes of $60,000 or more a year; and were non-Latino White. Cluster 2 (educational privilege; n = 191) was characterized by individuals who identified as trans men or genderqueer, gay, or queer; had a bachelor’s degree; reported household incomes of$10,000 or less a year; and were people of color. There was a pattern of individuals in Cluster 1 who identified with two privileged identities (identifying as White and having higher household incomes), whereas individuals in Cluster 2 identified only formal education as a privilege. Individuals in Cluster 2 reported statistically significant levels of anxiety. Implications of these results for future research and clinical practice are examined.Accepted manuscrip

Validierung des Entscheidungshilfesystems Öko-SIMPHYT+ zur Reduktion des Kupfereinsatzes im ökologischen Kartoffelanbau

Das Entscheidungshilfesystem (EHS) Öko-SIMPHYT wurde zur neuen Version Öko-SIMPHYT+ weiterentwickelt, in der es zusätzlich einen Zeitpunkt prognostiziert, ab dem durch weitere Kupferbehandlungen zur Bekämpfung der Kraut- und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) im Kartoffelanbau kein wirtschaftlicher Mehrertrag generiert werden kann. In den Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurden Feldversuche durchgeführt um Behandlungsvarianten nach bisherigem EHS und erweitertem EHS zu vergleichen. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass sich durch die Anwendung des neuen Prognosemodells Öko-SIMPHYT+ die Kupferaufwandmenge ohne Quantitäts- oder Qualitätsverluste reduzieren lässt

Options trading in agricultural futures markets: A reasonable instrument of risk hedging, or a driver of agricultural price volatility?

Options trading is increasingly important in more volatile agricultural markets. Options allow for unilateral hedging of price risks, e. g. against falling prices only, and are an indispensable risk management instrument for farmers and grain dealers. Concerns that soaring options trading could spark incremental volatility of international agricultural commodity prices have not been empirically verified to date. Econometric assessments for the MATIF grain maize market suggest that option trading does not have a volatility increasing effect.Auf volatileren Agrarmärkten gewinnt der Handel mit Optionen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Optionen gestatten die einseitige Absicherung von Preisrisiken, z. B. nur gegen fallende Preise, und stellen ein zunehmend bedeutenderes Instrument für das Risikomanagement von Landwirten und Landhändlern dar. Befürchtungen, dass der zunehmende Handel mit Optionen zu einer erhöhten Volatilität internationaler Agrarrohstoffpreise führen könnte, sind bisher empirisch nicht nachzuweisen. Ökonometrische Schätzungen für den MATIF-Körnermaismarkt weisen darauf hin, dass kein volatilitätserhöhender Effekt durch den Optionshandel festzustellen ist

Options trading in agricultural futures markets: A reasonable instrument of risk hedging, or a driver of agricultural price volatility?

Auf volatileren Agrarmärkten gewinnt der Handel mit Optionen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Optionen gestatten die einseitige Absicherung von Preisrisiken, z. B. nur gegen fallende Preise, und stellen ein zunehmend bedeutenderes Instrument für das Risikomanagement von Landwirten und Landhändlern dar. Befürchtungen, dass der zunehmende Handel mit Optionen zu einer erhöhten Volatilität internationaler Agrarrohstoffpreise führen könnte, sind bisher empirisch nicht nachzuweisen. Ökonometrische Schätzungen für den MATIF-Körnermaismarkt weisen darauf hin, dass kein volatilitätserhöhender Effekt durch den Optionshandel festzustellen ist.Options trading is increasingly important in more volatile agricultural markets. Options allow for unilateral hedging of price risks, e. g. against falling prices only, and are an indispensable risk management instrument for farmers and grain dealers. Concerns that soaring options trading could spark incremental volatility of international agricultural commodity prices have not been empirically verified to date. Econometric assessments for the MATIF grain maize market suggest that option trading does not have a volatility increasing effect

Combination of Spatial and Temporal Diversification in European Cropping Systems

There is a lack of results on the advantages and limitations of combining different crop diversification strategies both in time and space, which makes it difficult for famers and advisers to find relevant information for the transition towards more diversified cropping systems. A network of ten field experiments (diverIMPACTS project) was built across seven European countries, covering a range of pedo-climatic conditions and different farming systems: arable and vegetable systems under both conventional and organic management. Each field experiment tests one or several diversified cropping systems, which combine three diversification strategies with low input practices. These diversified cropping systems are compared to reference systems, which are less diversified and more dependent on external inputs. The three strategies of crop diversification are rotation, multiple cropping (growing different crop species on the same land within one growing season) and intercropping (growing different species in proximity on the same field). A diversified system includes, for example, the addition of cover crops or cash crops, such as legumes, for their expected ecosystem services, or crops for new markets (e.g hemp, lentil), the use of multiple cropping to increase productivity per year (e.g. winter barley with soybean) and intercropping (e.g. barley/pea,wheat/faba bean, oat/lupin) to increase productivity per unit of area and reduce external inputs. Expected impacts include: higher arable land productivity, diversification and increased farmer revenues through access to new markets and reduced economic risk, lower environmental impact through reduced use of pesticides, chemical fertilisers, energy and water, and improved delivery of ecosystem services, including biodiversity. The diversified cropping systems will be assessed using standardized measurements across the network and multi-criteria assessment tools. Decisions regarding the design and management of the diversified cropping systems will be recorded to support other diversification initiatives. The year 2018 is the first year of the network. This paper presents the original approach, the strategies designed in the network, and the assumptions concerning the interests to combine temporal and spatial diversification in order to improve the delivery of multiple services. This network will be a source of inspiration for other initiatives of crop diversification in Europe. The ultimate goal is to guide farmers in their transition towards more diversified cropping systems and to promote innovations by various actors at different scales (e.g. innovations regarding machinery for sowing or harvesting new sole or mixed crops, value-chains through the consolidation of new markets, new process of transformation, or adaptation of value-chains to intercropping)

PCR-based detection of mobile genetic elements in total community DNA

A

Safety, tolerability, and impact on allergic inflammation of autologous E.coli autovaccine in the treatment of house dust mite asthma - a prospective open clinical trial

Background: Asthma is increasing worldwide and results from a complex immunological interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Autovaccination with E. coli induces a strong TH-1 immune response, thus offering an option for the treatment of allergic diseases. Methods: Prospective open trial on safety, tolerability, and impact on allergic inflammation of an autologous E.coli autovaccine in intermittent or mild persistent house dust mite asthma. Determination of exhaled nitric monoxide (eNO) before and after bronchial mite challenge initially and after nine months of autovaccination. Results: Median eNO increase after autovaccination was significantly smaller (from 27.3 to 33.8 ppb; p=0.334) compared to initial values (from 32.6 to 42.2 ppb; p=0.046) (p=0.034). In nine subjects and a total of 306 injections, we observed 101 episodes of local erythema (33.3%; median of maximal diameter 2.5 cm), 95 episodes of local swelling (31.1%; median of maximal diameter 3 cm), and 27 episodes of local pain (8.8%). Four subjects reported itching at the injection site with a total of 30 episodes (9.8%). We observed no serious adverse events. All organ functions (inclusive electrocardiogramm) and laboratory testing of the blood (clinical chemistry, hematology) and the urine (screening test, B-microglobuline) were within normal limits. Vital signs undulated within the physiological variability. Conclusion: The administration of autologous autovacine for the treatment of house dust mite asthma resulted in a reduction of the eNO increase upon bronchial mite challenge. In nine subjects and 306 injections, only a few mild local reactions and no systemic severe adverse events were observed. EudraCT Nr. 2005-005534-12 ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT0067720

Synthesis of spiroacetals using functionalised titanium carbenoids

Alkylidenation of lactones with functionalised titanium carbenoid reagents (Schrock carbenes) followed by acid-induced cyclisation of the resulting enol ethers constitutes a new method for the preparation of [4.4], [4.5] and [5.5] spiroacetals (1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonanes, 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decanes and 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes, respectively, sometimes termed 5,5-, 5,6- and 6,6-spiroketals). The titanium carbenoids are easily generated from readily available thioacetals

OSGi in Cloud Environments

This paper deals with the combination of OSGi and cloud computing. Both technologies are mainly placed in the field of distributed computing. Therefore, it is discussed how different approaches from different institutions work. In addition, the approaches are compared to each other