Epidemiology of road traffic accidents - A Prospective study at a tertiary University Hospital in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

No Abstrac

Referral of Surgical Patients Abroad: A 5-years Review from a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background: The general objective of this review was to determine the reasons for referral abroad of surgical patients at Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Tikur Anbassa HospitalMethods: The referral slips of patients who were referred abroad from September 2005 – August 2009 by surgical Department were collected and reviewed.Results: The study reviewed a total of 331 patents in the 5 year period mentioned. An average of 66 patients was referred per year. There was an over all male preponderance 183(55.3 %), majority of patients were in the age group 26 - 50 years (173).Most were residents from the Capital, 232 (70 %). Neoplastic diseases both benign and malignant account for 155 cases. Primary brain tumors either malignant or benign account for 74 cases. 97 of the cases had at least one surgical intervention done prior to referral. The overall trend is showing some decrement. The main reason for referral was for better surgical intervention (249). Referral for MRI which accounted for 16 of the referrals in the first 2 years was virtually non existent in the next 3 years.Conclusion: Most cases were form the capital, Neurosurgical cases have been referred more than any other subspecialties, neoplastic changes constitute the main reason for referral, and the overall trend seems decreasing along the course

Garotos alegres cantando Hoya Hoye: conotações bíblicas, sociais e culturais e simbolismo da celebração de Buhe na Etiópia

Buhe belongs to the major religious holidays of Christian Orthodox Tewahido community of Ethiopian. It commemorates the Transfiguration of the Lord Jesus Christ on Mount Tabor. This article will review all imaginable aspects of buhe. Only a handful of written accounts referring to buhe are at our disposal. Selected materials, private conversations and interviews with community members have been used in this study. Besides the description, the traditional boy’s song hoya hoye, has been thoroughly discussed. The reason why boys perform this functional song is to epitomize shepherds, who played at the foot of Mount Tabor, marking the day of Jesus’ Transfiguration. Audio materials derived from recordings made during fieldworks in Ethiopia in 2005, 2006, 2015 and 2016.Buhe pertenece a las principales festividades religiosas de la comunidad ortodoxa tewahido de Etiopía. Conmemora la Transfiguración del Señor Jesucristo en el Monte Tabor. Este artículo revisará todos los aspectos imaginables de buhe. Solo un puñado de cuentas escritas referidas a buhe están a nuestra disposición. En este estudio se han utilizado materiales seleccionados, conversaciones privadas y entrevistas con miembros de la comunidad. Además de la descripción, la canción del niño tradicional hoya hoye, ha sido ampliamente discutida. La razón por la que los niños interpretan esta canción funcional es para personificar a los pastores, que tocaron al pie del Monte Tabor, para marcar el día de la Transfiguración de Jesús. Materiales de audio derivados de las grabaciones realizadas durante el trabajo de campo en Etiopía en 2005, 2006, 2015 y 2016.Buhe pertence aos principais feriados religiosos da comunidade ortodoxa cristã de Tewahido da Etiópia. Comemora a Transfiguração do Senhor Jesus Cristo no Monte Tabor. Este artigo reverá todos os aspectos imagináveis do buhe. Apenas um punhado de relatos escritos referentes a buhe estão à nossa disposição. Materiais selecionados, conversas privadas e entrevistas com membros da comunidade foram usados neste estudo. Além da descrição, a música tradicional do menino, hoya hoye, foi amplamente discutida. A razão pela qual os meninos executam essa canção funcional é de sintetizar o papel dos pastores, que tocaram no sopé do Monte Tabor, marcando o dia da Transfiguração de Jesus. Materiais de áudio são oriundos de gravações feitas durante trabalhos de campo na Etiópia em 2005, 2006, 2015 e 2016

Maximality Theorems on the Sum of Two Maximal Monotone Operators and Application to Variational Inequality Problems

Let X be a real locally uniformly convex reflexive Banach space with locally uniformly convex dual space X⁎. Let T:X⊇D(T)→2X⁎ and A:X⊇D(A)→2X⁎ be maximal monotone operators. The maximality of the sum of two maximal monotone operators has been an open problem for many years. In this paper, new maximality theorems are proved for T+A under weaker sufficient conditions. These theorems improved the well-known maximality results of Rockafellar who used condition D(T)∘∩D(A)≠∅ and Browder and Hess who used the quasiboundedness of T and condition 0∈D(T)∩D(A). In particular, the maximality of T+∂ϕ is proved provided that D(T)∘∩D(ϕ)≠∅, where ϕ:X→(-∞,∞] is a proper, convex, and lower semicontinuous function. Consequently, an existence theorem is proved addressing solvability of evolution type variational inequality problem for pseudomonotone perturbation of maximal monotone operator

Noncoercive Perturbed Densely Defined Operators and Application to Parabolic Problems

Let X be a real locally uniformly convex reflexive separable Banach space with locally uniformly convex dual space X∗. Let T:X⊇D(T)→2X∗ be maximal monotone and S:X⊇D(S)→X∗ quasibounded generalized pseudomonotone such that there exists a real reflexive separable Banach space W⊂D(S), dense and continuously embedded in X. Assume, further, that there exists d≥0 such that 〈v∗+Sx,x〉≥-dx2 for all x∈D(T)∩D(S) and v∗∈Tx. New surjectivity results are given for noncoercive, not everywhere defined, and possibly unbounded operators of the type T+S. A partial positive answer for Nirenberg's problem on surjectivity of expansive mapping is provided. Leray-Schauder degree is applied employing the method of elliptic superregularization. A new characterization of linear maximal monotone operator L:X⊇D(L)→X∗ is given as a result of surjectivity of L+S, where S is of type (M) with respect to L. These results improve the corresponding theory for noncoercive and not everywhere defined operators of pseudomonotone type. In the last section, an example is provided addressing existence of weak solution in X=Lp(0,T;W01,p(Ω)) of a nonlinear parabolic problem of the type ut-∑i=1n(∂/∂xi)ai(x,t,u,∇u)=f(x,t),  (x,t)∈Q; u(x,t)=0,  (x,t)∈∂Ω×(0,T); u(x,0)=0,  x∈Ω, where p>1, Ω is a nonempty, bounded, and open subset of RN, ai:Ω×(0,T)×R×RN→R  (i=1,2,…,n) satisfies certain growth conditions, and f∈Lp′(Q), Q=Ω×(0,T), and p′ is the conjugate exponent of p

Why are Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo so different? A limnological comparison of two neighboring major Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes

Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo are the two largest Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes; they are located close to each other, but have a strikingly different water transparency. We explain key differences in the structure and the functioning of the food web with variation in limnological variables and major pelagic food web compartments within and across both lakes. Data from a detailed comparative investigation of physical and chemical variables and zooplankton community characteristics during the wet and dry season from two consecutive years revealed major differences in key limnological variables between Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo. The most pronounced differences were related to water transparency and the amount of suspended solids in the water column. Lake Abaya is much more turbid, has lower phyto- and zooplankton biomass, and has considerably lower primary production than Lake Chamo. Based on our results, we infer that the profound differences in food web structure between both lakes probably result from differences in sediment load. Finally, our results indicate that conservation programs should focus on reducing sediment inflow from the catchments into the lakes