Fiskalische Transparenz und ökonomische Entwicklung: Der Fall Bosnien-Herzegowina

Fiskalische Transparenz ist die Offenheit bezüglich der Planung, Formulierung und Implementierung von Finanzpolitik. Fiskalische Transparenz ist nicht nur ein wichtiges Konzept der gegenwärtigen entwicklungspolitischen Diskussion, sondern gleichzeitig ist auch in Ländern der Europäischen Währungsunion unter anderem im Zusammenhang mit der Einführung des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspaktes ein stärkeres Interesse an transparenter Haushalt- und Finanzpolitik gegeben. Während eine Reihe empirischer Studien auf einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen fiskalischer Transparenz und Wirtschaftswachstum hindeuten, lässt sich aber in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Literatur keine fundierte, theoretische Abhandlung der Wirkungsweise fiskalischer Transparenz finden. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es nach einer kurzen Definition der Begriffe fiskalischer und budgetärer Transparenz zwei mögliche Wirkungskanäle fiskalischer Transparenz aufzuzeigen. Die Arbeit endet mit einem zweiteiligem Ausblick: Erstens werden Implikationen in Bezug auf die Ausgestaltung der Finanzpolitik eines Landes im Allgemeinen gegeben. Zweitens folgt eine Fallstudie über die Finanzpolitik Bosnien-Hercegovinas. Hierbei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Darstellung der Probleme der gesamtstaatlichen Koordinierung der Finanzpolitik, welche aus dem gegenwärtigen Staatsaufbau resultieren. Nach der Konsolidierung des Staatshaushaltes sollte nun zehn Jahre nach Dayton als zweiter Reformschritt durch die stärkere Kooperation der Volksgruppen die Entflechtung des Staatsaufbaus angegangen werden

Fiskalische Transparenz und ökonomische Entwicklung: Der Fall Bosnien-Herzegowina

Fiskalische Transparenz ist die Offenheit bezüglich der Planung, Formulierung und Implementierung von Finanzpolitik. Fiskalische Transparenz ist nicht nur ein wichtiges Konzept der gegenwärtigen entwicklungspolitischen Diskussion, sondern gleichzeitig ist auch in Ländern der Europäischen Währungsunion unter anderem im Zusammenhang mit der Einführung des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspaktes ein stärkeres Interesse an transparenter Haushalt- und Finanzpolitik gegeben. Während eine Reihe empirischer Studien auf einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen fiskalischer Transparenz und Wirtschaftswachstum hindeuten, lässt sich aber in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Literatur keine fundierte, theoretische Abhandlung der Wirkungsweise fiskalischer Transparenz finden. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es nach einer kurzen Definition der Begriffe fiskalischer und budgetärer Transparenz zwei mögliche Wirkungskanäle fiskalischer Transparenz aufzuzeigen. Die Arbeit endet mit einem zweiteiligem Ausblick: Erstens werden Implikationen in Bezug auf die Ausgestaltung der Finanzpolitik eines Landes im Allgemeinen gegeben. Zweitens folgt eine Fallstudie über die Finanzpolitik Bosnien-Hercegovinas. Hierbei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Darstellung der Probleme der gesamtstaatlichen Koordinierung der Finanzpolitik, welche aus dem gegenwärtigen Staatsaufbau resultieren. Nach der Konsolidierung des Staatshaushaltes sollte nun zehn Jahre nach Dayton als zweiter Reformschritt durch die stärkere Kooperation der Volksgruppen die Entflechtung des Staatsaufbaus angegangen werden. --Fiskalische Transparenz,Korruption,FDIs,Fiskalische Dezentralisierung,Fiskalischer Föderalismus

The development of tape recorded discussions and check lists for evaluating progression in grades one through four.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY HARRY POTTER IN J.K. ROWLING’S NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE”

IRMA RATNA NINGSIH: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY HARRY POTTER IN J.K. ROWLING’S NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE” Politeness is a strategy of people in being polite to build a harmony in term of communication. Politeness is one of the communication strategies that emphasize on how to be polite in words and actions. People usually use politeness in order to maintain and develop their relationship. If the individual can use politeness, automatically the individual can reach a running well and going smoothly of life. The aims of this research are to know what politeness strategies that used by Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer‟s Stone novel by J.K. Rowling, to know to whom Harry Potter uses the politeness strategies and to know how Harry Potter uses the politeness strategies in his utterances. The method of this research is discourse analysis. It used because it is concerning with describing instances of language use in context. From the data can be explored in a systematic way, the relation between language use from text and the context of occurrence of politeness strategies that used by Harry Potter. The data of this research taken from a novel entitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer‟s Stone by J.K. Rowling. The main theory to analyze the data taken from the book entitled Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage by Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson (1987). As results of this research, the writer found 90 data which contain politeness strategies and about 16 data has been analyzed by the writer. All the data belong to the four politeness strategies as being proposed by Brown and Levinson, namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. Bald on record strategy is used by Harry in the situation of urgency. In positive politeness, Harry uses it to people around him in order to satisfying their positive face. Negative politeness also used by Harry as he wants to satisfy the hearer‟s negative face. While off record strategy used by Harry because he wants to be indirect and gives the hearer clues. Harry used those strategies to his friends, teachers and character around him. Finally, the researcher expects this research will be able to help the next researcher who conducts the research in the same field. It is suggested to further researchers to be able to investigate other objects which might contain politeness strategy and use another theory of politeness strategy

Agricultural educators perceptions on the role of distance education in the mission of United States public higher education

The resurgence of distance education, with the introduction of computer and communication technologies, has brought to the forefront the need for higher education to change the way it engages the lifelong learner. In addition, there is need to revisit the importance of the traditional land-grant mission in public higher education as universities and colleges seek to deliver education to the lifelong learner regardless of location or time. Distance education is becoming viewed as a means of meeting societal needs for lifelong learning.;In light of the Kellogg Commission report, the purpose of this research project was to assess the role of distance education in the mission of United States public higher education as perceived by university and college agricultural educators. Agricultural educators, from across the United States, were used as a starting point to identify the role distance education is playing in the mission, vision, goals, and strategic plans at their institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of agriculture educators toward the inclusion of distance education in higher education. The secondary purpose was to identify and examine factors affecting the organizational structure, faculty concerns, and the inclusion of distance education in the mission, vision, and goals and the change process. Conclusions from this study are as followed: (1) Distance education has been accepted as part of the agricultural education culture; however, the implementation of distance education and organizational changes maybe impeded because of respondent concerns regarding distance education and its interaction with a shared vision, the overall mission of the institution, and a lack of consensus among faculty, staff, and administrators, (2) Overwhelming support to nurture widespread adoption of distance education among faculty may be slowed by indefinite opinions regarding support and encouragement from administrators, (3) Respondents were more concerned about the impact of distance education on the technology, pedagogy, and workload, then the impact on their career paths, and (4) The organization\u27s ability to change its structure of distance education initiatives, is dependent on the impact of distance education relative to the interpretation of the mission, vision, and goals of the university

Motivations, barriers, and educational opportunities associated with distance learning in southwestern Iowa

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4258915

Determination of collagen fiber orientation in histological slides using Mueller microscopy and validation by second harmonic generation imaging.

International audienceWe studied the azimuthal orientations of collagen fibers in histological slides of uterine cervical tissue by two different microscopy techniques, namely Mueller polarimetry (MP) and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). SHG provides direct visualization of the fibers with high specificity, which orientations is then obtained by suitable image processing. MP provides images of retardation (among other polarimetric parameters) due to the optical anisotropy of the fibers, which is enhanced by Picrosirius Red staining. The fiber orientations are then assumed to be those of the retardation slow axes. The two methods, though fully different from each other, provide quite similar maps of average fiber orientations. Overall, our results confirm that MP microscopy provides reliable images of dominant fiber orientations at a much lower cost that SHG, which remains the "gold standard" for specific imaging of collagen fibers using optical microscopy

Use of Generative AI in Offensive Cybersecurity: A case study using PentestGPT with GPT-4 and Dolphin2.5

Denne bacheloroppgaven undersøker potensialet til store språkmodeller (LLM-er) som GPT-4 og Dolphin 2.5, når de brukes sammen med penetrasjonstestverktøyet PentestGPT, for å utnytte sårbarheter i OWASP’s Juice Shop. Målet er å vurdere effekten av disse AI-drevne angrepene og evaluere evnen sikkerhetsverktøy som Palo Alto Networks Prisma har til å oppdage og stoppe dem. Forskningen innebærer en casestudie metodikk, der OWASPs Juice Shop brukes som målmiljø. Funnene viser at selv om både GPT-4 og Dolphin 2.5 kan identifisere og utnytte visse sårbarheter, har de sine begrensninger i mer komplekse scenarier. Alle forsøkene på å utnytte sårbarheter ble oppdaget av Palo Alto Networks Prisma, noe som understreker behovet for mer sofistikerte omgåelsesteknikker. Avhandlingen avsluttes med en diskusjon om hvilke implikasjoner disse funnene har for fremtiden for kunstig intelligens innen cybersikkerhet, og gir anbefalinger for videre forskning.This thesis investigates the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and Dolphin 2.5, when used in conjunction with the penetration testing tool PentestGPT, to exploit vulnerabilities in web applications. It aims to assess the efficacy of these AI-driven attacks and evaluate the ability of security tools like Palo Alto Networks Prisma to detect and mitigate them. The research involves a case study methodology, utilizing OWASP’s Juice Shop as the target environment. The findings reveal that while both GPT-4 and Dolphin 2.5 can identify and exploit certain vulnerabilities, they face limitations in more complex scenarios. Notably, all attempted exploits were detected by Palo Alto Networks Prisma. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for the future of AI in cybersecurity and provides recommendations for further research

Leveraging large-scale assessments for effective and equitable school practices: the case of the nordic countries

One of the primary goals of educational research is to identify effective and equitable school practices that aim to promote desired educational outcomes for all students, regardless of their background. This pursuit raises the question of why certain countries or schools demonstrate more favourable outcomes than others. To shed light on this question, this special issue delves into the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) as a showcase. Despite their similar historical, cultural, and economic characteristics, these countries show vastly different levels of student outcomes. This special issue comprises seven studies that utilize data from the international large-scale assessments (PIRLS, TIMSS, and PISA), leveraging their international comparative design and nationally representative student samples. The present article provides an overview of the seven included studies by underlining the key themes that transcend them as well as their contributions and implications. These themes include the measurement of educational effectiveness with international large-scale assessments, the central role of teachers, and the importance of both cognitive and non-cognitive student outcomes in studying different perspectives on effective and equitable school practices.publishedVersio