Mycosis of the dominant tree species in urban green belts and their development reducing activity

Fungal diseases of leaves are the dominant biotic factors of deterioration of sanitary state of main wood species, used in planting of greenery in Belarusian cities. 24 phytopathogenic species are discovered in the green plantations. The following measures allow to control development of fungal leaf spots: from agrotechnical – type of planting, timely care of woody plants, from chemical – 3–4-fold spraying of fungicides scor, falcon, prozaro, previcur in nurseries. Times of treatment are coordinated with dynamics of pathogens. At the sametime biological efficacy reaches 79–100%. Application of biological preparation frutin is effective on the horse-chestnut and maple plantings in the urban conditions. Biological efficacy reaches 80–86%

Particularity of color and compositional solutions of the flower-decorative design in the zones of pedestrian activity in residential spaces of Minsk

The article describes some aspects of the compositional and colour design solutions of flowerdecorative elements in the zones of pedestrian activity in the residential spaces of the central part of Minsk. Among the investigated compositions there was found a clear dominance of landscape style, but there was no clear pattern in terms of levels of compositional and colour grades depending on the location and type of composition. At the same time, the comparative analysis of the seasonal changes of the colour decisions of ornamental compositions on the zones of the pedestrian activity in the residential areas of the central part of Minsk showed visible differences in colour design in the spring and summer and autumn periods

Results of inventory and promising directions of the extention of the collection composition of flowerless plants of the parterre part of the botanical garden of BSTU

The paper presents the results of the study of species and garden forms in the collection of decorative deciduous trees of the Botanical Garden Ground of Belarusian State Technological University, introduced in 2003–2010. The systematic affiliation of grown trees and shrubs was refined, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of plants, determining their decoration, growth and condition of the culture were evaluated. The phytopathological state of hardwood identified pathogens of leaves and shoots of plants was studied. The approaches to creating the long-term range of ornamental deciduous woody plants for introduction goal for the botanical garden of BSTU are given, making it possible to test them in Belarus in order to introduce into the culture

Composition and condition of one-season and long-continued cultivation flower-ornamental plants in decor of recreational areas in the center of Minsk

The range and state annual and perennial cultures which used in ornamental compositions recreational spaces of Minsk central part study examined surveys in 2011–2012. Comparative analysis showed the largest area in the central part of Minsk under the flower beds was assigned to the parks, the lowest – in the boulevards. An evident predominance of annuals in the flower and decoration of gardens compared with boulevards and parks of downtown, both in area and in the number of cultures in the group and the limited size of perennials, flowering in early spring, late summer and autumn

Preparation and optical characterization of Cu2ZnGeSe4 thin films

Cu2ZnGeSe4 (CZGSe) films have been fabricated by ion beam sputtering onto glass substrates at a substrate temperature of 300 and 420 K. CZGSe films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and by the method of normal incidence transmittance and reflectance. XRD studies reveal an improved crystallinity of the polycrystalline CZGSe films with tetragonal structure when the substrate temperature was increased. The refraction index and extinction coefficient were extracted from the optical measurements. Spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient and the energy band gaps values of CZGSe films were also determinedFinancial supports from IRSES PVICOKEST 269167, MICINN projects (KEST-PV; ENE2010- 21541-C03-01/-02/-03) and FRCFB 13.820.05.11/BF projects are acknowledged. RC also acknowledges financial support from Spanish MINECO within the program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2011-08521

Logistical costs. Implicit costs as part of logistical costs

The article generalizes approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "logistical costs", "implicit costs" in the scientific economic literature, as a result giving its own definition of logistical costs. The proposed definition allows to create a composition of the logistical costs and to identify the composition of the implicit costs as part of logistical costs. The relevance of chosen research topic is to study the concept of logistical costs. Minimization and optimization of logistics costs will improve the profitability and competitiveness of any organization

Planktonic Ciliates of the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea): Community Structure and Spatial Distribution

Ciliate communities in open waters of the meso-eutrophic Neva Estuary (the Baltic Sea) were studied in summer 2010. Abundance and biomass of ciliates were surprisingly low (0.03–1.9 ind ml–1 and 0.04–2.4 × 10–3 μg C ml–1), especially in samples with high detritus content. During this study we detected four ciliate species which are new for the Baltic Sea. Mixotrophic ciliates dominated at the majority of stations (28–67% of overall ciliate numbers). Their contribution was significantly higher in the outfall area and northern part of the Neva Estuary (Resort District), where total density of ciliates was low. Medium-sized ciliates (30–60 μm) were the most diverse and abundant (average contribution 59% of total abundance). The two parts of the estuary, separated from each other by a storm-surge barrier, differed slightly in their community structure (p < 0.05) but did not significantly differ in ciliate numbers and biomass values

The Potentials of Contrast-Free Renal ASL MRI Perfusion in the Diagnosis and Dynamic Follow-Up of Renal Lesions in Patients with Diffuse Liver Diseases

Objective: to evaluate the potentials of contrast-free renal arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis and dynamic follow-up of renal lesions in patients with diffuse liver diseases (DLD). Material and methods. The prospective study enrolled 82 patients with various DLD: alcoholic, viral, druginduced, autoimmune and mixed etiology. Ultrasound examination with Doppler abdominal and renal ultrasonography was conducted using Apogee 5300 (SIUI, China); abdominal MRI with contrast-free renal ASL-perfusion was performed using Vantage Titan 1.5 T (Toshiba, Japan). The parameters of renal perfusion (renal blood flow, RBF) were measured when the patients were admitted to the hospital, then during dynamic follow-up for 18 months. Results. Mathematical processing of results revealed normal RBF values (≥ 450 ml/100 g/min) and values associated with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (≤ 449 ml/100 g/min). High correlation between renal ASL-perfusion indicators and results of Doppler renal vessels ultrasonography was detected (r = 0,856). The diagnostic effectiveness parameters of contrast-free renal ASL-perfusion were: sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.92, diagnostic accuracy 0.87. We created the algorithm of DLD patients examination for early HRS diagnosis and follow-up. Conclusion. Contrast-free renal ASL-perfusion is an informative method for predicting, diagnosis and dynamic follow-up of renal lesions in patients with various DLD