Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) on beef and chicken meat, and workers hands from slaughterhouses and retail shops in Turkey

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLEThe objectives of this study were to determine the presence and antimicrobial resistance of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) on beef and chicken carcasses and meat, and workers hands’ at processing time from a cattle and a poultry slaughterhouse, and beef and chicken meat at retail level. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the Enterococcus spp. and S. aureus isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined for vancomycin and oxacillin resistance. Finally, conventional PCR was performed to determine the presence of the mecA and vanA resistance genes in isolates classified resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin according to MIC values. S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolated from 17 (17%) and eight (8%) samples, respectively. E. faecalis was not detected in any sample. The highest resistance rates were to ampicillin (3/5, 60 %) and penicillin G (5/5, 100 %) in MRSA and tetracycline (4/5, 80 %) in VRE isolates. While the mecA gene was detected in all MRSA isolates, vanA gene was not detected in any of the phenotypically vancomycin resistant E. faecium isolates. The present study provides data for multiple antimicrobial resistance and presence of VRE and MRSA isolated from an ongoing surveillance in humans, livestock and poultry in Turkey

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of a growing spectrum of cancers are rapidly supplanting long-established traditional cell lines as preferred models for conducting basic and translational preclinical research. In breast cancer, to complement the now curated collection of approximately 45 long-established human breast cancer cell lines, a newly formed consortium of academic laboratories, currently from Europe, Australia, and North America, herein summarizes data on over 500 stably transplantable PDX models representing all three clinical subtypes of breast cancer (ER+, HER2+, and "Triple-negative" (TNBC)). Many of these models are well-characterized with respect to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic features, metastatic behavior, and treatment response to a variety of standard-of-care and experimental therapeutics. These stably transplantable PDX lines are generally available for dissemination to laboratories conducting translational research, and contact information for each collection is provided. This review summarizes current experiences related to PDX generation across participating groups, efforts to develop data standards for annotation and dissemination of patient clinical information that does not compromise patient privacy, efforts to develop complementary data standards for annotation of PDX characteristics and biology, and progress toward "credentialing" of PDX models as surrogates to represent individual patients for use in preclinical and co-clinical translational research. In addition, this review highlights important unresolved questions, as well as current limitations, that have hampered more efficient generation of PDX lines and more rapid adoption of PDX use in translational breast cancer research

Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) on beef and chicken meat, and workers hands from slaughterhouses and retail shops in Turkey

The objectives of this study were to determine the presence and antimicrobial resistance of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) on beef and chicken carcasses and meat, and workers hands’ at processing time from a cattle and a poultry slaughterhouse, and beef and chicken meat at retail level. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the Enterococcus spp. and S. aureus isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined for vancomycin and oxacillin resistance. Finally, conventional PCR was performed to determine the presence of the mecA and vanA resistance genes in isolates classified resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin according to MIC values. S. aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolated from 17 (17%) and eight (8%) samples, respectively. E. faecalis was not detected in any sample. The highest resistance rates were to ampicillin (3/5, 60 %) and penicillin G (5/5, 100 %) in MRSA and tetracycline (4/5, 80 %) in VRE isolates. While the mecA gene was detected in all MRSA isolates, vanA gene was not detected in any of the phenotypically vancomycin resistant E. faecium isolates. The present study provides data for multiple antimicrobial resistance and presence of VRE and MRSA isolated from an ongoing surveillance in humans, livestock and poultry in Turkey.</jats:p

A critical reevaluation of stresses generated during vertical and lateral condensation of gutta-percha in the root canal

The finite element method was used to calculate the stresses in a maxillary canine tooth produced during lateral and vertical condensation. Description of the biological domain to be analyzed, and conversion of the manual operations of the endodontist to realistic load representation are intricate problems which must be overcome before stresses are recovered and plotted. The stresses in dentin are in general of comparable magnitudes during lateral or vertical condensation, but these magnitudes generally remain much below those presented in a previous study. From these calculations it appears that root fractures reported by some investigators may be explained in terms of stress concentrations and local irregularities of the samples tested