Rotating binary Bose-Einstein condensates and vortex clusters in quantum droplets

Quantum droplets may form out of a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate, stabilized by quantum fluctuations beyond mean field. We show that multiple singly-quantized vortices may form in these droplets at moderate angular momenta in two dimensions. Droplets carrying these precursors of an Abrikosov lattice remain self-bound for certain timescales after switching off an initial harmonic confinement. Furthermore, we examine how these vortex-carrying droplets can be formed in a more pertubation-resistant setting, by starting from a rotating binary Bose-Einstein condensate and inducing a metastable persistent current via a non-monotonic trapping potential.Comment: 5 page, 4 figure

Accretion Disk Model of Short-Timescale Intermittent Activity in Young Radio Sources

We associate the existence of short-lived compact radio sources with the intermittent activity of the central engine caused by a radiation pressure instability within an accretion disk. Such objects may constitute a numerous sub-class of Giga-Hertz Peaked Spectrum sources, in accordance with the population studies of radio-loud active galaxies, as well as detailed investigations of their radio morphologies. We perform the model computations assuming the viscosity parametrization as proportional to a geometrical mean of the total and gas pressure. The implied timescales are consistent with the observed ages of the sources. The duration of an active phase for a moderate accretion rate is short enough (< 10^3-10^4 years) that the ejecta are confined within the host galaxy and thus these sources cannot evolve into large size radio galaxies unless they are close to the Eddington limit.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Ap

Superfluidity and Supersolidity in Ultracold Atomic Gases Beyond Mean Field

This thesis investigates ultracold bosonic systems using an extended mean-field formalism with a focus on their superfluid and supersolid properties. The dissertation comprises five chapters and four articles, where the chapters provide some background to the research put forward in articles.Paper I demonstrates the existence of multiple singly-quantized vortices in two-dimensional droplets made out of binary Bose mixtures, and discusses the possibility of using metastable persistent currents to generate self-bound vortex-carrying states.Paper II studies metastable persistent flow in dipolar supersolids in ring-shaped trapping potentials and gives a criterion for when such flow can exist. Hysteretic effects are investigated and found to depend qualitatively on the fraction of non-classical rotational inertia of the system.Paper III presents results regarding the validity of using a super-Gaussian ansatz when describing two-dimensional self-bound droplets in Bose-Bose mixtures, and it is found that most quantities are well-described by employing such an ansatz. Furthermore, the breathing mode of droplets with and without vorticity is studied.Paper IV investigates droplet-superfluid compounds in one-dimensional binary Bose mixtures trapped by means of periodic boundary conditions. It is found that such configurations have a fraction of non-classical rotational inertia larger than zero but smaller than unity at zero temperature. It is demonstrated that this fraction is not equal to the residual superfluid part of the system due to the superfluid's response to the motion of the localized parts

A survey of Low Luminosity Compact sources and its implication for evolution of radio-loud AGNs. II. Optical analysis

This is the second in a series of papers concerning a new sample of low luminosity compact (LLC) objects. Here we discuss the optical properties of the sample based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images and spectra. We have generated different diagnostic diagrams and classified the sources as high and low excitation galaxies (HEG and LEG, respectively). We have studied the jet-host interactions, relation between radio and optical line emission and evolution of the radio source within a larger sample that included also the published samples of compact steep spectrum (CSS), gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) sources and FRII and FRI objects. The optical and radio properties of the LLC sample are in general consistent with brighter CSS and large-scale radio sources, although the LLC objects have lower values of [OIII] luminosity than the more powerful CSS sources (L_1.4GHz>10^25 W/Hz). However, when LLC are added to the other samples, HEG and LEG seem to follow independent, parallel evolutionary tracks. Regarding ionization mechanisms, LLC and luminous CSS objects behave like FRII sources, while FRI seem to belong to a different group of objects. Based on our results, we propose the independent, parallel evolutionary tracks for HEG and LEG sources, evolving from GPS - CSS - FR.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, MNRAS in pres

Development of 3D communication

The main problem the project is to find the correct solution for 3D communication between the user and the machine The student has to design the devices needed to a correct communication between the Wii console and the user. It is 3D glasses with movement detector, gloves with detectors and a stand for the Wii remote

Design of a shopping cart

Este proyecto fin de carrera consiste en el diseño de un carro para la compra que facilite todo el proceso de compra al usuario. Esta especialmente diseñado para personas con movilidad reducida, aunque puede servir para cualquier persona que quiera adquirir comodidad a la hora de realizar y transportar su compr

Study about the relation between different design methodologies

Estudio y comparativa entre varias metodologías de diferentes autores con el fin de describir la más adecuada dependiendo del tipo de diseño que se está desarrollando. A lo largo de la carrera, los estudiantes de diseño tratan con varias y diferentes metodologías de diseño para aplicar en sus proyectos. Existen gran variedad de metodologías y muchas de ellas se contradicen entre sí por lo que queda a juicio del estudiante elegir la que a su criterio es la más adecuada. La elección de una correcta metodología puede condicionar el resultado de un proyecto de diseño. El objetivo de este trabajo de fin de grado es estudiar y analizar diferentes metodologías de las estudiadas a lo largo de la carrera y también aquellas presentes en libros que se nos han recomendado. Con ello planeamos establecer una clasificación atendiendo a diferentes aspectos lo que nos ayudará a identificar las diferentes opciones y oportunidades que ofrecen. Existen diferentes tipos de proyectos en función de los requerimientos iniciales, dado el usuario, el material, una función, para una compañía concreta, etc. El objetivo final será poder establecer la metodología más adecuada para cada tipo de proyecto, todo ello acompañado con ejemplos de diseño de producto

Immunterapi vid cancer

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) är en ko-inhiberande receptor som uttrycks på bland annat T-celler. Vid aktivering av T-celler leder interaktion mellan PD-1 och dess ligand, PD-L1, till att signalering från T-cellsreceptorn inhiberas och T-cellernas effektorfunktioner hämmas. Syftet med detta är att verka som en naturlig broms på immunförsvaret för att minska vävnadsskada vid pågående inflammation och autoimmunitet. Studier har visat att PD-1 och PD-L1 är uppreglerade vid cancer på T-celler respektive tumörceller och att det är en mekanism som hjälper tumörer att nedreglera immunsvar riktade specifikt mot de neoplastiska cellerna. Flertalet studier har utförts på humansidan där man inhiberat interaktion mellan PD-1 och PD-L1 genom blockerande antikroppar som binder till PD-1. Patienterna har lidit av avancerade cancerformer och har i vissa fall svarat oerhört bra på behandlingen. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att diskutera om de resultat som hittills framkommit på hund kan avgöra om det är en möjlig behandlingsmetod för det djurslaget. För och nackdelar som resistens mot behandlingen och immunrelaterade biverkningar som uppstår på grund av en generell immunologisk förstärkning diskuteras också. För att understödja diskussionen har även human forskning inom området granskats och presenterats. PD-1 och PD-L1 är uppreglerat i flera olika cancerformer hos hund, och funktionerna vid interaktion mellan ligand och receptor samt blockering av PD-1 verkar ge samma effekt hos hund som hos människa. En logisk grund för att terapin borde fungera även på hund finns alltså. De studier som hittills gjorts på hund är dock samtliga gjorda in vitro och få till antalet. Därför kan inga slutsatser dras om effekterna in vivo. Dessutom finns det flera problem med behandlingen som biverkningar och den utbredda resistensen mot den. Det är även av stor vikt att hitta en bra prediktiv biomarkör som kan ange vilka patienter som kan svara på behandlingen. PD-L1 som kandidat för detta har undersökts i flera studier men även patienter som inte uttrycker PD-L1 svarar på behandlingen. Undersökningar av alternativa biomarkörer eller hur mätningarna av PD-L1-uttryck kan optimeras behövs.Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibiting molecule expressed on activated T-cells. When bound to its ligand, PD-L1, signaling from the T-cell receptor is inhibited and the T-cell is downregulated. The normal function of this interaction is to work as a brake on the adaptive immune system to prevent collateral tissue damage during inflammation and autoimmunity. Both PD-1 and PD-L1 is upregulated on T-cells and cancer cells respectively, and studies have shown that it’s a mechanism for immune evasion by tumors. Studies of antibodies blocking PD-1 have shown some remarkable results in humans with advanced forms of cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss whether this type of treatment could be an alternative for dogs with cancer as well. The results seen so far from studies in dogs are presented. Results and problems with the therapy, such as resistance and immune-related adverse events, in human clinical trials are also presented and discussed. In dogs, PD-1 and PD-L1 is upregulated in many types of cancer. The effects of interaction between ligand and receptor and blocking of PD-1 seem to be the same as in humans. Based on that, dogs should be eligible candidates for treatment with blocking antibodies. However the number of studies investigating expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in dogs is few and all done in vitro. To confirm effects of treatment, studies in vivo need to be conducted. There are also some problems with blocking of PD-1 that needs to be addressed. For example, both resistance to the treatment and adverse side effects are common among human patients. It’s of great importance to find a predictive biomarker to be able to identify patients that will respond to the treatment. The expression of PD-L1 has been investigated in a lot of studies and has shown a positive correlation between expression on cancer cells and response to treatment. However, some patients that don’t express PD-L1 also responded to the treatment. Investigations of alternative biomarkers or how to optimize the evaluation of PD-L1-expression thus needs to be conducted