Job Exit Queues: Corporate Mergers and Gender Inequality

Purpose: to explore the experiences of employees in a local bank merger in the United States and examine the concept of job exit queues. We introduce the concept of a job exit queue, which describes how workers position themselves or are positioned by employers to leave jobs and enter new jobs following the announcement of a corporate merger. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative interviews with mid-level managers, technical specialists and low status workers during the sale and merger process were conducted and coded thematically. We explore: 1) how workers and managers describe the job search as an “opportunity” or as a recurring cycle of low-wage, high-turnover work and 2) how severance packages structure the job exit queue to meet corporate needs. Findings: The role of severance pay is pivotal in understanding women’s and men’s job relations to job exit queues. We conclude that employers create job exit queues, placing low status workers and mid-level women managers with less formal education at a disadvantage in re-employment. Value: This paper contributes a new concept “job exit queue” to the research and theory on workplace diversity, gender inequality, and queuing theories

Self-Rated Health Trajectories among Married Americans: Do Disparities Persist over 20 Years?

The purpose of this study is to understand self-rated health (SRH) trajectories by social location (race/ethnicity by gender by social class) among married individuals in the United States. We estimate multilevel models of SRH using six observations from 1980 to 2000 from a nationally representative panel of married individuals initially aged 25–55 (Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study). Results indicate that gender, race/ethnicity, and social class are associated with initial SRH disparities. Women are less healthy than men; people of color are less healthy than whites; lower educated individuals are less healthy than higher educated individuals. Women’s health declined slower than men’s but did not di@er by race/ethnicity or education. Results from complex intersectional models show that white men with any college had the highest initial SRH. Only women with any college had significantly slower declines in SRH compared to white men with any college. For married individuals of all ages, most initial SRH disparities persist over twenty years. Intersecting statuses show that education provides uneven health benefits across racial/ethnic and gender subgroups

Predictors of First Mental Health Service Utilization among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents

Purpose: To describe and explain variations in first mental health service utilization before and after running away from home for homeless adolescents. Methods: Survey interviews were conducted with homeless and runaway youth in several Midwestern locations. The effects of family of origin factors and street experiences on the likelihood of seeing a mental health professional for the first time before running away and after running away for the first time were examined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression methods are used to analyze these data. Interactions are tested across race and gender sub-groups. Results: Caretaker education, caretaker rejection, and family transitions increase the probability that an adolescent first sees a mental health professional before running away from home. Post-run intervention is more likely for females, younger runaways, shelter users, youths with social support networks, and youths abused by their caretakers. A gender gap in first service use exists for Whites but not for minority youth. Minority youth who experienced family abuse were less likely than abused Whites to report ever seeing a mental health professional. Conclusions: Analyses indicate homeless youth’s utilization patterns are differentiated by family of origin factors, street experiences, timing of first utilization, and by race and gender interactions. Our findings suggest that youths whose first contact with mental health service use follows running away for the first time may experience higher levels of mental distress compared with other homeless runaways. The significant differences in first service use across race and gender subgroups should be further explored. The racial-ethnic gap in first mental health intervention for abused youths indicates this sub-group is not receiving services that are available to other homeless youths. Our findings suggest that homelessness does not homogenize racial/ethnic differences in first mental health service utilization

Associations of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depressive Symptoms Over Time: Are There Differences by Education, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender?

Objective. To examine associations between changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms and depressive symptoms adjusted for other time-varying characteristics, and to test if these associations differed by education, race/ethnicity, or gender. Methods. Data from the 1988–1998 US National Rheumatoid Arthritis Study were analyzed (n = 854). Time-varying covariates included year of the study, pain, functional ability, household work disability, parental status, marital status, employment status, and social support. The time-invariant covariates included years since diagnosis, education, race/ ethnicity, and gender. Multivariate multilevel-model analyses were used to estimate associations within people over time. Results. Patients with RA experience considerable change in depressive symptoms, pain, functional disability, and household work disability over the study period. Depressive symptoms were driven more by differences between people compared to changes within people over time. Findings show that patients experienced increases in depressive symptoms over the study period. The rate of change in depressive symptoms did not differ by education, race/ethnicity, or gender. Times of worse pain, functional disability, and household disability were associated with worse depressive symptoms. The association of functional disability and depressive symptoms was stronger for men than women. Conclusion. Increases in pain and disability were associated with worse depressive symptoms, adjusted for covariates. It is important to monitor and treat both mental and physical health symptoms. Future research efforts should focus on collecting data reflecting the educational, gender, and racial/ethnic diversity of individuals with RA

Ensinar e Aprender em Educação Física: Relatório de Estágio e Estudo sobre a Prática Federada

O presente relatório foi elaborado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Estágio Profissional, do segundo ano do Mestrado em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário, da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto (FADEUP). Este relatório de estágio descreve a prática pedagógica desenvolvida na Escola Básica Integrada Roberto Ivens (EBIRI), com duas turmas do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico (5.º e 6.º anos), onde desempenhei funções como professor estagiário, assumindo a responsabilidade pela lecionação das aulas de Educação Física. Devido à escassez de professores na Região Autónoma dos Açores, os estágios pedagógicos sofreram uma reestruturação significativa. Nestes moldes, o professor estagiário passa a auferir remuneração e assume a responsabilidade pela condução das turmas, ficando igualmente incumbido de realizar todas as funções atribuídas ao professor cooperante, tanto no âmbito da turma-piloto como noutras onde colabore. A estrutura deste relatório encontra-se organizada em quatro capítulos, correspondentes às principais áreas de intervenção no âmbito do Estágio Profissional (EP). No primeiro capítulo, é apresentada a prática pedagógica desenvolvida, com destaque para o enquadramento do contexto educativo, institucional e funcional onde decorreu a experiência de estágio. O segundo capítulo centra-se na dimensão pedagógica da prática, incluindo uma reflexão crítica sobre as vivências, responsabilidades e funções assumidas enquanto professor estagiário. São exploradas as três áreas fundamentais do EP: a Organização e Gestão do Ensino e da Aprendizagem, a Participação na Vida Escolar e nas Relações com a Comunidade, e o Desenvolvimento Profissional. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao estudo de investigação, cujo objetivo consiste em analisar se a prática de desporto federado pode influenciar o desempenho escolar nas disciplinas de Educação Física, Português e Matemática. Por fim, o quarto capítulo apresenta as considerações finais, refletindo sobre todo o percurso formativo, as aprendizagens adquiridas e o impacto desta experiência no meu crescimento pessoal e profissional.This report was written within the scope of the Curricular Unit of Professional Internship, part of the second year of the Master's Degree in Physical Education Teaching for Basic and Secondary Education at the Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto (FADEUP). It describes the pedagogical practice carried out at Escola Básica Integrada Roberto Ivens (EBIRI), with two lower secondary school classes (5th and 6th grades), where I served as a trainee teacher, assuming full responsibility for teaching Physical Education lessons. Due to the shortage of teachers in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, the structure of teaching internships was significantly reorganized. In this context, the trainee teacher receives remuneration and assumes full responsibility for the assigned classes, also performing all duties typically attributed to the cooperating teacher, both in the pilot class and in other collaborative settings. This report is structured into four chapters, each corresponding to a main area of intervention within the Professional Internship (PI). The first chapter presents the pedagogical practice developed, with an emphasis on the educational, institutional, and functional context in which the internship took place. The second chapter focuses on the pedagogical dimension of the experience, including a critical reflection on the roles and responsibilities undertaken as a trainee teacher. It addresses the three key areas of the PI: Teaching and Learning Organization and Management, Participation in School Life and Community Relations, and Professional Development. The third chapter is devoted to a research project that aims to analyse whether participation in federated sports can influence academic performance in Physical Education, Portuguese, and Mathematics. Finally, the fourth chapter presents the final considerations, reflecting on the formative journey, the knowledge and skills acquired, and the overall impact of this experience on my personal and professional development

1ª pesquisa sobre a saúde e condições de vida do idoso na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

The population of Rio de Janeiro currently has the highest proportion of people aged 60 or older in the country. Approximately 800,000 people fall into this age group, living in our city and exhibiting very specific needs, both due to their physical/biological characteristics and their socio-cultural demands.La población de Río de Janeiro tiene actualmente la mayor proporción de personas de 60 años o más del país. Aproximadamente 800,000 personas se encuentran en este grupo de edad, habitan en nuestra ciudad y presentan necesidades muy específicas, tanto por sus características físicas/biológicas como por sus demandas socioculturales.A população carioca tem hoje a maior proporção de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais do país. São aproximadamente 800.000 pessoas nesta faixa etária, habitantes da nossa Cidade e que vivem e apresentam necessidades bem específicas, seja por suas características físicas/biológicas quanto por suas demandas sócio-culturais

The Impact of Monitoring HIV Patients Prior to Treatment in Resource-Poor Settings: Insights from Mathematical Modelling

Using a stochastic model based on data from Africa, Timothy Hallett and colleagues find that starting HIV treatment based on regular CD4 monitoring, rather than on symptoms, would substantially increase survival

Association between fertility and HIV status: what implications for HIV estimates?

Background: Most estimates of HIV prevalence have been based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women which may either under-estimate or over-estimate the actual prevalence in adult female population. One situation which can lead to either an underestimate or an overestimate of the actual HIV prevalence is where there is a significant difference in fertility rates between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Our aim was to compare the fertility rates of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Cameroon in order to make recommendations on the appropriate adjustments when using antenatal sentinel data to estimate HIV prevalence Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study using data from 4493 sexually active women aged 15 to 49 years who participated in the 2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. Results: In the rural area, the age-specific fertility rates in both HIV positive and HIV negative women increased from 15-19 years age bracket to a maximum at 20-24 years and then decreased monotonically till 35-49 years. Similar trends were observed in the urban area. The overall fertility rate for HIV positive women was 118.7 births per 1000 woman-years (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 98.4 to 142.0) compared to 171.3 births per 1000 woman-years (95% CI 164.5 to 178.2) for HIV negative women. The ratio of the fertility rate in HIV positive women to the fertility rate of HIV negative women (called the relative inclusion ratio) was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.75). Conclusion: Fertility rates are lower in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women in Cameroon. The findings of this study support the use of summary RIR for the adjustment of HIV prevalence (among adult female population) obtained from sentinel surveillance in antenatal clinics