"No risk, no fun"

Cette recherche a pour thème la pratique de conduites { risque durant l’adolescence. Son but est de comprendre les raisons qui poussent les jeunes à mettre leur vie en danger. Les conduites { risque peuvent avoir des formes très diverses. Il peut s’agir de fugues ou de tentatives de suicide, etc. Ici, seules la pratique de sports extrêmes et la consommation de produits psychotropes seront analysées. La pratique de conduites { risque s’explique de diverses manières. Toutefois, ce travail se concentre, tout particulièrement, sur la socialisation pour expliquer ce phénomène. En effet, durant la période de l’adolescence, le jeune va entrer dans un nouveau processus de socialisation. Il ne va plus seulement être influencé par ses parents, mais également par de nombreux agents extérieurs. Il va remettre en question les valeurs et les règles acquises dans sa famille afin de se forger sa propre identité. Cette recherche démontre en quoi ces influences extérieures vont pousser le jeune à pratiquer des conduites { risque. Il s’agit, ici, du groupe de pairs et de la culture de masse

How Fear, Exogeneous Shocks and Leadership Impact Change: The Case of Economic Models of the French Men's Professional Basketball Clubs

The financial situation of clubs is a major issue in professional sports. Their vulnerability can be explained by the structure of income (not diversified enough) or by the breakdown of expenditure (too much investment in sports talent). This state of affairs has prompted an interest in their economic models, specifically in the context of French clubs from 2008/2009 to 2019/2020. How did these clubs evolve over time, and how were they able (or not) to transform their economic model? Principal components and k-means analyses of financial data reveal four main types of economic models. Even if some clubs kept the same model over this period, many clubs also substantially changed their economic models. Interviews with professional clubs were performed to understand the factors underlying change and stasis as appropriate. Although visionary leadership partly explains the changes at certain clubs, exogeneous shock played at least as great a role. However, such external factors are not sufficient to overcome some clubs’ organizational inertia, often due to a fear of change that clubs rationalize in terms of their limited local potential. This paper could be helpful in assisting clubs to fight against attribution biases and to understand how to transform their economic models to become less vulnerable

Red wine polyphenols prevent metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity in Zucker fatty rats (Fa/Fa)

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Overfeeding, Autonomic Regulation and Metabolic Consequences

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of body processes in health and disease. Overfeeding and obesity (a disproportional increase of the fat mass of the body) are often accompanied by alterations in both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions. The overfeeding-induced changes in autonomic outflow occur with typical symptoms such as adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. There might be a causal relationship between autonomic disturbances and the consequences of overfeeding and obesity. Therefore studies were designed to investigate autonomic functioning in experimentally and genetically hyperphagic rats. Special emphasis was given to the processes that are involved in the regulation of peripheral energy substrate homeostasis. The data revealed that overfeeding is accompanied by increased parasympathetic outflow. Typical indices of vagal activity (such as the cephalic insulin release during food ingestion) were increased in all our rat models for hyperphagia. Overfeeding was also accompanied by increased sympathetic tone, reflected by enhanced baseline plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in both VMH-lesioned animals and rats rendered obese by hyperalimentation. Plasma levels of NE during exercise were, however, reduced in these two groups of animals. This diminished increase in the exercise-induced NE outflow could be normalized by prior food deprivation. It was concluded from these experiments that overfeeding is associated with increased parasympathetic and sympathetic tone. In models for hyperphagia that display a continuously elevated nutrient intake such as the VMH-lesioned and the overfed rat, this increased sympathetic tone was accompanied by a diminished NE response to exercise. This attenuated outflow of NE was directly related to the size of the fat reserves, indicating that the feedback mechanism from the periphery to the central nervous system is altered in the overfed state.

La réinsertion professionnelle des personnes présentant des troubles psychiques en Valais

Notre travail de recherche porte sur les outils qui facilitent la réinsertion professionnelle des personnes présentant des troubles psychiques. Sur le marché, il y a pléthore d'outils qui existent. Par manque de temps ou de connaissance, seulement une partie est utilisée. Certains outils sont nouveaux sur le marché ou sont en plein essor. Il est ressorti de cette analyse que ce sont principalement les assurances sociales qui financent les mesures. Une personne peut facilement basculer du système assurantiel au système social. Le système social est très complexe. Il n’est pas évident de le comprendre pour une personne non initiée. Notre analyse montre que les stages en entreprise, l'emploi intégré, le coaching individuel et la collaboration entre les acteurs du réseau sont les outils les plus utilisés pour accompagner les personnes en difficulté sur le chemin du premier marché du travail

Acinetobacter nematophilus sp. nov., Alcaligenes nematophilus sp. nov., Enterobacter nematophilus sp. nov., and Kaistia nematophila sp. nov., Isolated from Soil-Borne Nematodes and Proposal for the Elevation of Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus to the Species Level.

Four bacterial strains, A-IN1T, A-TC2T, E-TC7T, and K-TC2T, isolated from soil-borne nematodes of the species Oscheius tipulae and Acrobeloides bodenheimeri, were found to represent new species of the genera Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, and Kaistia, respectively. In this study, we described these new species using a polyphasic taxonomic approach that included wholegenome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, core genome sequence comparisons, and phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using whole-genome and wholeproteome sequences show that A-IN1T is closely related to Acinetobacter guillouiae DSM 590T and to Acinetobacter bereziniae LMG 1003T. The dDDH values between A-IN1T and these latest strains are 25.1 and 39.6%, respectively, which are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. A-TC2T is closely related to Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis DSM 30030T and to Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus DSM 16503T. The dDDH values between A-TC2T and these latest strains are 47.0 and 66.3%, respectively. In addition, the dDDH values between Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis DSM 30030T, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus DSM 16503T, and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis are always lower than 70%, demonstrating that the three strains represent species within the genus Alcaligenes rather than subspecies within Alcaligenes faecalis. E-TC7T is closely related to Enterobacter kobei DSM 13645T, Enterobacter chuandaensis 090028T, and to Enterobacter bugandensis STN0717-56T. The dDDH values between E-TC7T and these strains are 43.5, 42.9, and 63.7%, respectively. K-TC2T is closely related to Kaistia terrae DSM 21341T and to Kaistia defluvii JCM 18034T. The dDDH values between these strains are 29.2 and 30.7%, respectively. Several biochemical tests allow to differentiate the type strains of the newly described species from the type strains of their more closely related species. Based on the results of this polyphasic taxonomic approach, the following new species are proposed: Acinetobacter nematophilus sp. nov. with A-IN1T (=CCM 9231T =CCOS 2018T) as the type strain, Alcaligenes nematophilus sp. nov. with A-TC2T (=CCM 9230T =CCOS 2017T) as the type strain, Enterobacter nematophilus sp. nov. with E-TC7T (=CCM 9232T =CCOS 2020T) as the type strain, and Kaistia nematophila sp. nov. with K-TC2T (=CCM 9239T =CCOS 2022T) as the type strain. In addition, we propose the elevation of Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus to the species level. Therefore, we propose the creation of Alcaligenes parafaecalis sp. nov. with DSM 13975T as the type strain, and Alcaligenes phenolicus sp. nov. with DSM 16503T as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of bacteria associated with soil-borne nematodes

Monitoring proliferative activities of hormone-like odorants in human breast cancer cells by gene transcription profiling and electrical impedance spectroscopy

The human estrogen receptor alpha (ER!) mediates the proliferative action of hormones in breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of target genes to control cellular functions. Current methodologies do not permit a real-time assessment of these processes in living cells. We overcome this limitation using electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing for measuring ER!-regulated signaling processes indicative of the onset of cell proliferation to target them for compound screenings. We report that hormone like odorants regulate, similarly as natural estrogen, ER!-mediated gene expression involved in mitogenic and developmental processes in MCF7 breast cancer cells. An odorant concentration-dependent switch in cell responses was detectable already 10–15 h post-stimulation, providing rapid quanti!cation of hormonal activity before cell division occurred. Though ER! exhibits complex regulatory roles our noninvasive approach captures its activity for accelerated screenings of compounds promoting breast cancer cell proliferation expanding the analysis of ER! signaling networks

Analysis of Intestinal Injuries Induced by Ricin in Vitro Using SPR Technology and MS Identification

The present study found that ricin toxicity did not only manifest itself as inhibition of protein synthesis, but also induced apoptosis of immune cells and played an extremely significant role in intestinal injury. In this report, we describe a novel method to estimate binding events occurring on intestinal brush border membranes (BBM) based on SPR technology in an attempt to mimic the real intestinal surface capable of interacting physically and/or actively with certain biological molecules. Combined with HPCE-ESI-MS indentification, we obtained 28 kinds of proteins in BBM that interacted with ricin

Impact of organic compounds on the stability of influenza A virus in deposited 1-μL droplets

UNLABELLED The composition of respiratory fluids influences the stability of viruses in exhaled aerosol particles and droplets, though the role of respiratory organics in modulating virus stability remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of organic compounds on the stability of influenza A virus (IAV) in deposited droplets. We compare the infectivity loss of IAV at different relative humidities (RHs) over the course of 1 h in 1-µL droplets consisting of phosphate-buffered saline (without organics), synthetic lung fluid, or nasal mucus (both containing organics). We show that IAV stability increases with increasing organic:salt ratios. Among the various organic species, proteins are identified as the most protective component, with smaller proteins stabilizing IAV more efficiently at the same mass concentration. Organics act by both increasing the efflorescence RH and shortening the drying period until efflorescence at a given RH. This research advances our mechanistic understanding of how organics stabilize exhaled viruses and thus influence their inactivation in respiratory droplets. IMPORTANCE This study investigates how the composition of respiratory fluids affects the stability of viruses in exhaled droplets. Understanding virus stability in droplets is important as it impacts how viruses spread and how we can combat them. We focus on influenza A virus (IAV) and investigate how different organic compounds found in lung fluid and nasal mucus protect the virus from inactivation. We demonstrate that the ratio of organics to salt in the fluid is an indicator of IAV stability. Among organics, small proteins are particularly effective at protecting IAV. Their effect is in part explained by the proteins' influence on the crystallization of salts in the droplets, thereby shielding the viruses from prolonged exposure to harmful salt concentrations. Understanding these mechanisms helps us grasp how viruses sustain their infectivity over time in respiratory droplets, contributing to efforts in controlling infectious diseases