Impact of Covid-19 on European construction companies

In March 2020, Covid-19 was officially classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The health crisis has changed social and economic life. Construction companies were particularly affected by the impact of the pandemic. They were no longer able to continue their usual structures and working methods in this form. This master\u2019s thesis is therefore intended to show the effects that construction companies have had to cope with and the internal measures they have implemented to counteract the effects. So far, no focus has been placed on the European construction industry in this context, even though it provides around 12 million jobs. For this reason, this master\u2019s thesis focuses on the European construction industry. Donaldson's contingency theory and Freeman's stakeholder theory are used as a theoretical framework in dealing with the topic. A systematic literature review is used to determine the state of the art in connection with the effects and implemented measures. The results show that construction companies primarily had to deal with impacts in the areas of financial management, stakeholder management of employees and suppliers. The state of the literature only partially covers the area of implemented internal measures. A document analysis in combination with a qualitative content analysis provides concrete results in connection with the implemented measures. As part of the document analysis, 136 annual reports from 2020 to 2022 from 38 different European construction companies were analyzed. The results of the document analysis demonstrate that measures were primarily implemented in the areas of employee stakeholder management, risk management and leadership. It thus becomes clear that the changed conditions have meant that construction companies have had to adapt their usual structures and procedures and how important stakeholder management is in this context.Im M\ue4rz 2020 wurde Covid-19 offiziell von der World Health Organization (WHO) als Pandemie eingestuft. Diese Gesundheitskrise hat das soziale und wirtschaftliche Leben ver\ue4ndert. Insbesondere von den Auswirkungen der Pandemie waren Bauunternehmen betroffen. Ihre etablierten Strukturen und Arbeitsweisen konnten sie in dieser Form nicht mehr weiterf\ufchren. Diese Masterarbeit zeigt auf, welche Auswirkungen Bauunternehmen bew\ue4ltigen mussten und welche internen Ma fnahmen sie implementiert haben, um den Auswirkungen entgegenzuwirken. Bislang wurde in diesem Zusammenhang noch kein Fokus auf die europ\ue4ische Bauindustrie gesetzt, obwohl diese in etwa 12 Millionen Jobs erm\uf6glicht. Aus diesem Grund wird in dieser Masterarbeit der Fokus auf die europ\ue4ische Bauindustrie gelegt. Die Kontingenztheorie nach Donaldson und die Stakeholdertheorie nach Freeman sind als theoretisches Framework eine Hilfestellung bei der Bearbeitung der Thematik. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche erfolgt die Erarbeitung des State-of-the-Art im Zusammenhang mit den Auswirkungen und den implementierten Ma fnahmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Bauunternehmen vor allem mit Auswirkungen im Bereich des Finanzmanagements, Stakeholdermanagement im Bereich der Mitarbeiter und im Bereich der Lieferanten zu k\ue4mpfen hatten. Der Stand der Literatur kann nur teilweise den Bereich der implementierten internen Ma fnahmen decken. Eine Dokumentenanalyse in Verbindung mit einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse liefert konkrete Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit den implementierten Ma fnahmen. Im Rahmen der Dokumentenanalyse wurden 136 Jahresberichte in den Jahren 2020 bis 2022 von 38 verschiedenen europ\ue4ischen Bauunternehmen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Dokumentenanalyse zeigen, dass vor allem Ma fnahmen im Bereich des Stakeholdermanagements der Mitarbeiter, dem Risikomanagement und der Unternehmensf\ufchrung implementiert wurden. Dies macht deutlich, dass die ver\ue4nderten Bedingungen Bauunternehmen gezwungen haben, ihre gewohnten Strukturen und Vorgehensweisen anzupassen und wie wichtig dabei unter anderem das Stakeholdermanagement war.Author Naila Teskeredzic, BSc.Masterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universit\ue4t Linz 202

Etude comparative de la consommation alimentaire en differents pays d'Europe

SIGLECNRS T 54616 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

The Impact of Restricted Rationing upon Growth, Food Conversion Efficiency and Body Composition of Rainbow Trout

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Transient Radiator Room Heating—Mathematical Model and Solution Algorithm

A mathematical model and robust numerical solution algorithm for radiator heating of an arbitrary room is presented in this paper. Three separate and coupled transient thermal energy equations are solved. A modified transient heat conduction equation is used for solving the heat transfer at multi-layer outer walls and room assembly. Heat exchange between the inner walls and the observed room are represented with their own transport equation and the transient thermal energy equation is solved for radiators as well. Explicit coupling of equations and linearization of source terms result in a simple, accurate, and stabile solution algorithm. Verification of the developed methodology is demonstrated on three carefully selected test cases for which an analytical solution can be found. The obtained results show that even for the small temperature differences between inner walls and room air, the corresponding heat flux can be larger than the transmission heat flux through outer walls or windows. The benefits of the current approach are stressed, while the plans for the further development and application of the methodology are highlighted at the end

Nationalsocialismen i Sverige 1924-1950

Validerat; 20101217 (root