Time to Update-Requesting Inclusive Submission Categories for Oncology Research.

Time to update abstract submission categories to promote dissemination of global oncology research

Role and therapeutic potential of dietary ketone bodies in lymph vessel growth.

https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/35368Los vasos linfáticos (LV), revestidos por células endoteliales linfáticas (LEC), son indispensables para la vida1. Sin embargo, el papel del metabolismo en las LEC no se ha dilucidado por completo. En el presente estudio, se informa que la pérdida específica de LEC de OXCT1, una enzima clave de la oxidación de cuerpos cetónicos2, reduce la proliferación, la migración y la brotación de vasos de LEC in vitro y altera la linfangiogénesis en el desarrollo y la enfermedad en ratones Prox1ΔOXCT1. Mecanísticamente, el silenciamiento de OXCT1 reduce los niveles de acetil-CoA, los depósitos de metabolitos del ciclo del ácido tricarboxílico y los niveles de precursores de nucleótidos y desoxinucleótidos trifosfato necesarios para la proliferación de LEC. La suplementación de cuerpos cetónicos a las LEC induce los efectos opuestos. En particular, la elevación de los niveles de cuerpos cetónicos linfáticos mediante una dieta cetogénica alta en grasas y baja en carbohidratos o mediante la administración del cuerpo cetónico β-hidroxibutirato aumenta la linfangiogénesis después de una lesión corneal y un infarto de miocardio. Curiosamente, en un modelo de ratón de ablación microquirúrgica de LV en la cola, que repite características del linfedema adquirido en humanos, la dieta cetogénica mejora la función y el crecimiento del LV, reduce la infiltración de células inmunes antilinfangiogénicas y disminuye el edema, lo que sugiere una nueva oportunidad terapéutica dietética

Conflict of interest disclosure in oncology: preliminary insights from the Global ONCOTRUST-1 cross-sectional study

Purpose Conflicts of interest (COIs) between oncologists and industry might considerably influence how the presentation of the research results is delivered, ultimately affecting clinical decisions and policy-making. Although there are many regulations on reporting COI in high-income countries (HICs), little is known about their reporting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Oncology Transparency Under Scrutiny and Tracking (ONCOTRUST-1) is a pilot global survey to explore the knowledge and perceptions of oncologists regarding COI. Materials and Methods We designed an online 27-question–based survey in the English language to explore the perceptions and knowledge of oncologists regarding COI, with an emphasis on LMICs. Descriptive statistics and the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies guidelines were used to report the findings. Results ONCOTRUST-1 surveyed 200 oncologists, 70.9% of them practicing in LMICs. Median age of the respondents was 36 (range, 26-84) years; 47.5% of them were women. Of the respondents, 40.5% reported weekly visits by pharmaceutical representatives to their institutions. Regarding oncologists' perceptions of COI that require disclosure, direct financial benefits, such as honoraria, ranked highest (58.5%), followed by gifts from pharmaceutical representatives (50%) and travel grants for attending conferences (44.5%). By contrast, personal or institutional research funding, sample drugs, consulting or advisory board, expert testimony, and food and beverage funded by pharmaceutical industry were less frequently considered as COI. Moreover, only 24% of surveyed oncologists could correctly categorize all situations representing a COI. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of clear guidelines, education, and transparency in reporting COI in oncology. This hypothesis-generating pilot survey provided the rationale for ONCOTRUST-2 study, which will compare perceptions of COI among oncologists in LMICs and HICs

International consensus guidelines for scoring the histopathological growth patterns of liver metastasis

BACKGROUND: Liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns (HGPs), including the desmoplastic, pushing and replacement HGPs and two rarer HGPs. The HGPs are defined owing to the distinct interface between the cancer cells and the adjacent normal liver parenchyma that is present in each pattern and can be scored from standard haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained (H&E) tissue sections. The current study provides consensus guidelines for scoring these HGPs. METHODS: Guidelines for defining the HGPs were established by a large international team. To assess the validity of these guidelines, 12 independent observers scored a set of 159 liver metastases and interobserver variability was measured. In an independent cohort of 374 patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRCLM), the impact of HGPs on overall survival after hepatectomy was determined. RESULTS: Good-to-excellent correlations (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.5) with the gold standard were obtained for the assessment of the replacement HGP and desmoplastic HGP. Overall survival was significantly superior in the desmoplastic HGP subgroup compared with the replacement or pushing HGP subgroup (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The current guidelines allow for reproducible determination of liver metastasis HGPs. As HGPs impact overall survival after surgery for CRCLM, they may serve as a novel biomarker for individualised therapies

How glucose, glutamine and fatty acid metabolism shape blood and lymph vessel development

Recently, endothelial cell metabolism has emerged as an essential driver and regulator of both blood and lymph vessel development. Evidence rapidly builds that metabolism is not only necessary for endothelial cell function, but moreover controls several aspects of the (lymph)-angiogenic process. So far, the best-characterized metabolic pathways to have an impact on angiogenesis are glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and glutamine metabolism. Glycolysis regulates tip cell behavior by providing ATP, fatty acid oxidation controls stalk cell proliferation by producing nucleotide biomass, and glutamine metabolism is critical for tip and stalk cell dynamics by supporting Krebs cycle anaplerosis, protein production and redox homeostasis, and links to asparagine metabolism. During lymphangiogenesis, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation are key metabolic pathways. Glycolysis provides energy for growing lymph vessels, while fatty acid oxidation is a critical metabolic regulator of lymphangiogenesis, in part by promoting nucleotide synthesis as well as by mediating epigenetic changes of histone acetylation, which promotes transcription of key lymphatic genes, and hence venous-to-lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation. On the whole, increasing knowledge on the metabolic landscape of endothelial cells offers a fresh impetus to future treatment possibilities of vascular related diseases.status: publishe

Time to update-requesting inclusive submission categories for oncology research

Abstract: Time to update abstract submission categories to promote dissemination of global oncology research