A Framework for Secure and Survivable Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks increasingly become viable solutions to many challenging problems and will successively be deployed in many areas in the future. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is vulnerable to security attacks due to the insecure communication channels, limited computational and communication capabilities and unattended nature of sensor node devices, limited energy resources and memory. Security and survivability of these systems are receiving increasing attention, particularly critical infrastructure protection. So we need to design a framework that provide both security and survivability for WSNs. To meet this goals, we propose a framework for secure and survivable WSNs and we present a key management scheme as a case study to prevent the sensor networks being compromised by an adversary. This paper also considers survivability strategies for the sensor network against a variety of threats that can lead to the failure of the base station, which represents a central point of failure.key management scheme, security, survivability, WSN

Towards an understanding of the shallow-water echinoderm biodiversity of KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa

Prior to this study, 130 shallow-water (i.e. less then 50 m deep) species of echinoderms were reported from the subtropical (26°S/32°E -30°S/30°E) east coast of South Africa. The Indo-Pacific and the endemic components of this fauna made up 93 % of the species, while the circumtropical, the Atlantic and the cosmopolitan components represented only 7% of the echinoderm fauna. A current study in the KwaZulu- Natal province has added some 39 % of new records (excluding the Crinoidea) to the echinoderm fauna of this province. Changing its endemic component from 26 to 21 %, the Indo-Pacific component from 68 to 73 % with the other components remaining more or less stable. Total echinoderm species distribution of KwaZulu-NataI was analyzed with the second Kulczynski coefficient, a measurement of similarity between two bioassociational areas. This analysis reveals that while the faunistic components of KwaZulu-Natal seem rather homogeneous, the area in the region of St. Lucia Bay appears to be characterized by a high species turn-over

Biodiversity studies on seaweeds and echinoderms in the transition between temperate southern Africa and the tropical western lndian Ocean

A three-year project bas increased by more than 30 % the number of seaweed and echinoderm species recorded off KwaZulu-Natal, and included some new to science? It demonstrates that we do not need to go to abyssal depths to make a significant and novel contribution to our knowledge of marine biodiversity

Benefit of the Post Graduate Program in Yangon University of Economics (Case Study: MPA Program, Yangon University of Economics) (Thandar, 2024)

The study intends to examine the benefit of post graduate program namely Master of Public Administration Program at Yangon University of Economics. The study uses the descriptive method on both primary and secondary data sources. The study collects data from 150 participants, comprising individuals who have either completed their studies or are presently enrolled in the MPA Programme, who contributed to the survey responses. The findings indicate that the teachers within the MPA Programme possess both academic proficiency and substantial teaching experience. MPA Programme encourages participants to willingly accept and assume leadership roles in a variety of functions with exceptional responsibility and dependability. The respondents agreed to becoming a model of leadership who adheres to the policies, rules and regulations of the organization. The study suggests that by fostering research opportunities, the university can enable its students to develop into skilled and proficient public administrators

Using sea cucumbers to illustrate the basics of zoological nomenclature

In addition to a brief account of the need to have unique and unambiguous scientific names for taxa, this paper, annotated with examples of sea cucumbers, explains the basics of zoological nomenclature. In doing so it aims to reduce the confusion that exists among various breeds of end-users of taxonomists who may not fully understand the seemingly arbitrary and often volatile nature of scientific names. This paper also aims to provide teachers and students with a comprehensible account of the basic principles of zoological nomenclature

Lysin Based Antimicrobial Peptides Against Acinetobacter Baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for a range of nosocomial infections. The recent rise and spread of multidrug resistant A. baumannii clones has fueled a search for alternative therapies, including bacteriophage endolysins with potent antibacterial activities. A common feature of these lysins is the presence of a highly positively charged C-terminal domain with a likely role in promoting outer membrane penetration. In the current study, we show that the C-terminal amino acids 108-138 of phage lysin PlyF307, named P307, alone was sufficient to kill A. baumannii (\u3e3-logs). Furthermore, P307 could be engineered for improved activity, the most active derivative being P307SQ-8C (\u3e5-log kill). Both P307 and P307SQ-8C showed high in vitro activity against A. baumannii in biofilms. Moreover, P307SQ-8C exhibited MICs comparable to levofloxacin and ceftazidime and acted synergistically with polymyxin B. While the peptides were shown to kill by disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, they did not lyse human red blood cells or B cells; however, serum was found to be inhibitory to lytic activity. In a murine model of A. baumannii skin infection, P307SQ-8C reduced the bacterial burden by ~2-logs in 2 h. This study demonstrates the prospect of using peptide derivatives from bacteriophage lysins to treat topical infections and remove biofilms caused by Gram-negative pathogens

The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s.e.) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation

A full history of four nominal species of southern African dendrochirotid holothurians, namely Cucumaria jageri Lampert, Semperia (= Cueumaria) sykion Lampert, C. insolens Theel and C. sinorbis Cherbonnier, is given and the confusion in their taxonomic status discussed. Morphological differences and habitat selection indicate that the latter three are valid sister species. C. jageri is relegated to the synonymy of C. sykion, a well-established name which it threatens. Since none of the three species is referable to the genus in which it is currently classified, a new genus Pseudocnella is erected to accommodate them. It is suggested that the Mediterranean Oenus syraeusanus (Grube) be also classified in the new genus. A key to the three southern African species is given, their synonymy detailed, additional notes provided, and the geographic distributions mapped. Although P. sykion and P. sinorbis have an identical geographical range it is demonstrated that the two species are ecologically isolated and thus prevented from any interspecific competition. P. insolens is sympatric with P. sinorbis over a wide area, often occupying the same habitat in a single locality. However, morphological and other evidence points to subtle niche differences between them. A provisional cladogram is proposed to show the possible relationships of the four species included in the new genus.S.Afr.J.ZooL 1987.22(4

The Effect of Internal Marketing on Job Performance In Lucky Bravo General Services Co., Ltd (Thandar Wynn, 2022)

This study aims to examine the influencing internal marketing practices on employee commitment and analyze the effect of employee commitment on their performance in Lucky Bravo General Service Co., Ltd. Primary data are collected from 141 selected employees with structured questionnaires designed with 5 points Likert scale. This study reveals that among five internal marketing practices, four practices (rewards and incentives, internal communication, training programs, and empowerment) have the significant positive effect on affective commitment and two practices (rewards and incentives, and empowerment) have the significant positive effect on continuance commitment of the employees. For both dimensions of commitment, empowerment is the main contributing factor in creating employee commitment. The results also show that only managerial support and empowerment have the significant positive effect on normative commitment for which managerial support has been the most influencing factor. Regarding job performance, affective and normative commitments have the positive effects on job performance while continuance commitment has a negative effect. Regression result indicates that affective commitment is the most influencing factor on the job performance of the employees. According to the results of this study, Lucky Bravo Co., Ltd should develop the capacity of employees, practice more delegation, and offer career development opportunities through job rotations and job enrichments. Regarding normative commitment, immediate supervisors and head of the departments need to give more time for coaching and providing suggestions for problem solving and career development of the employee

Foreign Direct Investment Relations between Myanmar and ASEAN

Myanmar highly appreciates foreign direct investment (FDI) as a key solution reducing the development gap with leading ASEAN countries. Accordingly, it is welcomed by the government. Myanmar\u27s Foreign Investment Law was enacted in 1988 soon after the adoption of a market-oriented economic system to boost the flow of FDI into the country. Foreign investors positively responded to these measures in the early years and FDI inflow into Myanmar gradually increased during the period from 1989 to 1996. However, after 1997, FDI inflow was dramatically reduced and markedly declined until 2004. In 2005, FDI inflow increased at an unprecedented rate and reached the highest level in the country\u27s history. However, this growth was not sustainable in the subsequent years, as it declined again and turned stagnant at the previous level.In terms of source regions, ASEAN is a major investor in Myanmar, which investment is significantly exceeds the combined investment of other regions of the world. Among top ten countries, Thailand\u27s investment alone is significantly more than combined total investments of the other nine countries. Next to Thailand in terms of investments in Myanmar are Singapore and Malaysia among ASEAN, at second and third places, respectively. The combined total FDI inflows into the power and oil and gas sector represent about 65 percent of the total investment.There are many opportunities for foreign investment in other sectors, which are not, yet exploited. ASEAN countries will certainly be source countries of Myanmar FDI in the future, and Myanmar should expand to other Asian countries like Japan, India, China, Korea, and Hong Kong where its FDI portfolio is concerned. To effectively attract FDI into the country, Myanmar needs to minimize the effect of policy while opening and encouraging other potential sectors of FDI to foreign investors in ASEAN and Asian countries

The southern African stichopodid holothuria~s, with notes on the changes in spicule composition with age in the endemic Neostichopus grammatus (H.L. Clark)

Four species of stichopodid holothurians, namely the Indo-West Pacific Slichopus chloronolus Brandt, S. variegalus Semper, The/enola anax HL Clark and the endemic Neoslichopus grammalus (HL Clark) occur in the southern African shallow waters (south of 200S latitude). Besides T. anax, which is not present in the material studied, notes are provided on the remaining three species. of which S. variegatus is here recorded from this region for the first time. The changes with age in the composition of the body wall spicules of N. grammalus are described and it is indicated that the characteristic dumb-bell-shaped deposits of the dorsalpapillae, consistent in both juveniles and adults, offer a reliable and easily accessible morphological character in preserved specimens. A key to all four species is provided and their geographic distributions are mapped.S.-Afr.Tydskr.Dierk. 1987,22(4