A Lightweight Size Estimation Approach for Embedded System using COSMIC Functional Size Measurement

Functional Size Measurement (FSM) is an important component of a software project that provides information for estimating the effort required to develop the measured software. Although the embedded software is time-consuming to develop, COSMIC FSM can be estimated to get more accurate function size. The traditional Function Point methods are designed to measure only business application domain and are problematic in the real-time domain. As a result, COSMIC Functional Size Measurement (FSM) method is designed to measure both application domains. The design diagrams such as UML, SysML and the well-defined FSM procedure must use to accurately measure the functional size of embedded system. We have already developed the generation model based on SysML metamodel with an example of elevator control system. In this paper, we applied the generation model that is the classification of the instance level of object based on UML metamodel. After that, this paper also showed the mapping rules which mapped between the generation model and COSMIC FSM to estimate the functional size of embedded software with the case study of cooker system. This paper also proposed the light weight generation method of COSMIC FSM by using the generation model

The Measurement of Software Size based on Generation Model using COSMIC FSM

"The software size measurement plays essential roles in developing a software project to estimate costs, efforts and other resources. It provides the necessary input to estimate the effort at the early stage of design phase in the software development process. Thus, COSMIC FSM (Common Software Measurement International Consortium Functional Size Measurement) is one of the well-known methods of FSM which is suitable to estimate the size of software project at the early stage of development process. The industries use not only the standardized methods but also the well-defined modeling notations to measure the functional size of software. Some research has focused on the specific design notations to facilitate the design of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes a new model which is named as a generation model that can be accepted from various types of modeling notations and then these types converted into common general model for calculating the functional size of COSMIC concept. The generation model can help many researchers and estimators to understand the concepts of complex diagram notations easily. Then, the mapping rules define between the COSMIC FSM and generation model to measure the size of software. Finally, the results of the actual size of the system are calculated by using COSMIC method. Keywords—Meta model, UML sequence

Uniformly Integrated Database Approach for Heterogenous Databases

The demands of more storage, scalability, commodity of heterogenous data for storing, analyzing and retrieving data are rapidly increasing in today data-centric area such as cloud computing, big data analytics, etc. These demands cannot be solely handled by relational database system (RDBMS) due to its strict relational model for scalability and adaptability. Therefore, NoSQL (Not only SQL) database called non-relational database is recently introduced to extend RDBMS, and now it is widely used in some software developments. As a result, it becomes challenges regarding how to transform relational to non-relational database or how to integrate them to achieve business purposes regarding storage and adaptability. This paper therefore proposes an approach for uniformly integrated database to integrate data separately extracted from individual database schema from relational and NoSQL database systems. We firstly try to map the data elements in terms of their semantic meaning and structures with the help of ontological semantic mapping and metamodeling from the extracted data. We then cover structural, semantical and syntactical diversity of each database schema and produce integrated database results. To prove efficiency and usefulness of our proposed system, we test our developed system with popular datasets in BSON and traditional sql format using MongoDB and MySQL database. According to the results compared with other proficient contemporary approaches, we have achieved significant results in mapping similarity results although running time and retrieval time are competitive with the others

A study of some stories in the Niraya Vagga of the Dhammapadatthakatha

The Niraya Vagga is the 22nd section of the Dhammapadaṭṭhakathā and consists of fourteen verses in nine stories. The verses which are about bad actions (Akusalakamma) to make beings reborn in the hell where it is free from happiness and it is censured by the wise, and about good actions (Kusalakamma) that make beings free from hell. This Vagga intends to throw light on that if one's thought is right, his action will be right and if one's action is right, he will gain much benefit, being free from what censured by the wise and being free from physical and mental sufferings

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar

Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares. Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1). One hundred and forty Mtb isolates were genotyped using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping. Lineage classification and TB transmission analysis were performed. Results: 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing identified 135 unique profiles and two clusters compared to 35 spoligotyping profiles which contained 12 clusters and 23 unique isolates, Beijing (n=100, 71.4%) was found to be prominent lineage by combine two methods. The expected proportion attributable to recent transmission based on clustering rate was 2.1%. One cluster case was more likely to be in MDR patient. Conclusions: Our findings showed Beijing genotypes were dominant in Upper Myanmar. The usage and analysis of 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing might prove useful for our broader understanding of TB outbreaks and epidemiology than spoligotyping. The genotypic pattern of this combined method suggests that the lower transmission rate may be due to a higher possibility of reactivation cases in Upper Myanmar

Analysis of Third-Generation Solar Cell Design with Physics of Semiconductor

The paper presents the Analysis of Generation Solar Cell Design with Physics of Semiconductor. The research problem in this study is how to design a high-performance solar cell with novel semiconductor compounds that are fabricated in the laboratory based on the physical parameters. The approach to solving the proposed research problem is based on experimental studies through theoretical research in recent works. The first one is to develop the effective structure for solar cell design and the other is to develop the energy band structure of III-V compound-based third-generation solar cell. The simulation analyses were carried out with the help of MATLAB language. There are many steps to designing high-performance semiconductor devices for real-world applications. The results confirm that the numerical analyses of these two developments could be supported to estimate the outcomes of experimental studies without using real equipment in the laboratory.

Development of Novel Solar Cell Design based on Current Energy Converted from Phonon Energy by Controlling the Phonon Transport

The paper mainly focuses on the Development of Novel Solar Cell Design based on Current Energy Converted from Phonon Energy by Controlling the Phonon Transport. The research challenges in this study are: to find a means of the control of phonon transport or phonon accumulation and propose a novel solar cell structure to convert the phonon energy to the current energy; to study phonon control method for III-nitrides and the properties of phonon transport; to analyze the phonon absorption in a short time for III-nitrides is higher than gallium arsenide by one order, which makes it possible to extract higher current than previous materials. The research objectives are: to design the novel solar cell structure to convert Phonon Energy to Current Energy; to analyze the physics of solar cell structure with numerical approaches; to model the Quantum Well in the proposed solar cell structure; to set the experimental measurement system for physical characteristics of novel solar cells; to confirm the results from the analysis of Control of Phonon Transport. The conversion of current energy from the phonon energy by controlling the phonon transport depends on the structure of the solar cell stacking system. The implementation of this study was accomplished based on the specific model, especially Quantum Well Structure. The results confirm that the performance specification of targeted solar cell structures in real-world applications

A Study of Casting the Silver Image of the Buddha in Ywahtaung, Sagaing Region

The introduction of research paper on "A Study of Casting the Silver Image of the Buddha in Ywahtaung" contains the historical account of Buddha images. Moreover the history of the ten different kinds of craft and art and the arrival of the craft of silverware into Myanmar are also presented. In the body of the paper, craft of silverware and the raw material used in silverware are presented. Furthermore the processes of casting of Buddha images are also described and illustrated with photographs. Then the localities where silverware work is being carried on are also included. To make the artistic work of silver in Myanmar recognizable and to get admiration of the countries around the world is the main idea of this paper