Gendering the careers of young professionals: some early findings from a longitudinal study. in Organizing/theorizing: developments in organization theory and practice

Wonders whether companies actually have employees best interests at heart across physical, mental and spiritual spheres. Posits that most organizations ignore their workforce – not even, in many cases, describing workers as assets! Describes many studies to back up this claim in theis work based on the 2002 Employment Research Unit Annual Conference, in Cardiff, Wales

Evaluating screen exposure in very young children: insights from the Italian Surveillance System of children aged 0-2 years

Objective. To describe screen exposure and its association with socio-economic characteristicsin a large representative sample of children aged 0-2 years in Italy.Materials and methods. Data from the 2022 Italian Surveillance of children aged 0-2 years, collected on 35,550 mothers, were analysed to estimate the prevalence of screen exposure. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between exposure and potential predictors.Results. Overall, 39.2% of children aged 2-15 months were exposed to digital screens. The exposure prevalence increased with age, ranging from 13.9% at 2-3 months to 61.9% at 13-15 months. Screen exposure was significantly more frequent among children of mothers with non-Italian citizenship, having lower levels of education, reporting economic difficulties, non-participating in antenatal classes (ACs), and residing in the center-south.Conclusions. Most babies, particularly from low socio-economic status (SES) families, were exposed to screens in a period when this may interfere with responsive caregiving and thus with early child development. It is imperative to inform parents and caregivers about the risks of early exposure since the first months of life

Monitoring prevalence of breastfeeding and associated factors: results of the 2022 data collection of the Italian surveillance of children aged 0-2 years

Objective. To describe breastfeeding and associated factors in a large representative sample of children aged 0-2 years in Italy.Materials and methods. Data from the 2022 Italian surveillance of children aged 0-2 years, comprised of 35,550 mothers, were analysed to estimate rates of EBF (exclusive breastfeeding), any breastfeeding (BF) and never breastfed (NBF). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of EBF, BF and NBF with potential predictors.Results. EBF among children aged 2-3 months varied from 36.4% in the South Italy to 54.0% in the North, decreasing respectively to 19.6% and 35.8% at 4-5 months. At 12-15 months BF ranged between 29.2% (South) and about 40% (Centre and North). Women with Italian citizenship, having a lower educational level, those who never attended antenatal classes (AC), and those residing in the South were significantly less likely to exclusively breastfeed or to breastfeed after the first year of life of the child.Conclusions. The data underscore the gap between recommendations and actual breastfeeding practices, offering the first national perspective that highlights territorial disparities. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, particularly in light of identified regional and socio-economic differences

Perspectives in visual imaging for marine biology and ecology: from acquisition to understanding

Durden J, Schoening T, Althaus F, et al. Perspectives in Visual Imaging for Marine Biology and Ecology: From Acquisition to Understanding. In: Hughes RN, Hughes DJ, Smith IP, Dale AC, eds. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 54. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2016: 1-72

The effect of a micronutrient powder home fortification program on anemia and cognitive outcomes among young children in rural China: a cluster randomized trial

Abstract Background Anemia early in life has been associated with delayed cognitive and motor development. The WHO recommends home fortification using multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) containing iron as a strategy to address anemia in children under two. We evaluated the effects of a program freely distributing MNP sachets to caregivers of infants in rural China. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Shaanxi province, enrolling all children aged 6–11 months in target villages. Following a baseline survey, investigators randomly assigned each village/cluster to a control or treatment group. In the treatment group, caregivers were instructed to give MNPs daily. Follow-up was after 6, 12, and 18 months of intervention. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin concentrations and scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results One thousand, eight hundred and-two eligible children and their caregivers were enrolled. At baseline 48% (870) of children were anemic and 29% (529) were developmentally delayed. Six hundred and-ten children (117 villages) were assigned to the control group and 1192 children (234 villages) were assigned to the treatment group. Assignment to the treatment group was associated with an improvement in hemoglobin levels (marginal effect 1.77 g/L, 95% CI 0.017–3.520, p-value = 0.048) and cognitive development (marginal effect 2.23 points, 95% CI 0.061–4.399, p-value = 0.044) after 6 months but not thereafter. There were no significant effects on motor development. Zero effects after the first 6 months were not due to low compliance, low statistical power, or changes in feeding behavior. Hemoglobin concentrations improved in both the treatment and control groups over the course of the study; however, 22% (325) of children remained anemic at endline, and 48% (721) were cognitively delayed. Conclusions Providing caregivers with MNP sachets modestly hastened improvement in hemoglobin levels that was occurring absent intervention; however, this improvement did not translate into improved developmental outcomes at endline. Trial registration ISRCTN44149146 ; prospectively registered on 15th April 2013