Radrensning giver merudbytte i vårsæd - resultater fra 2016

Experience from four different trials with hoeing in spring cereals. On average, there is a higher yield in hoed plots compared to non-hoed plots

Radrensning giver merudbytte i vårsæd

Radrensning i afgrøder sået på øget rækkeafstand kan være et godt supplement i ukrudtskontrollen. Især når det kombineres med et godt sædskifte, godt etablerede og konkurrencestærke afgrøder samt blindstrigling

Nyt dyrkningssystem til effektiv ukrudtsbekæmpelse og optimeret dyrkning af efterafgrøder

Nye radrensere med stor præcision og kapacitet giver forbedrede muligheder for ukrudtsbekæmpelse i afgrøder sået på øget rækkeafstand. Dette kan anvendes, så både ukrudtsbekæmpelse og etablering af efterafgrøder forbedres

Characterization of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus Sequence</i> Type 398

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nares and skin surfaces of several animal species, including man. S. aureus can cause a wide variety of infections ranging from superficial soft tissue and skin infections to severe and deadly systemic infections. Traditionally S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been associated with hospitals, but during the past decades MRSA has emerged in the community and now a new branch of MRSA has been found in association with livestock (LA-MRSA). A specific lineage (multilocus sequence type 398 (ST398)) has been particularly successful in colonization of pigs and ST398 has become the most frequently reported MRSA strain found in associated with livestock.Currently the understanding of the successful colonization and transmission of LA-MRSA ST398 in pigs are limited and mainly based on observational field surveys. The aim of this work was to develop a high-throughput approach for genotypic and phenotypic characterization of LA-MRSA ST398 in the porcine reservoir.The thesis represents three studies (manuscript I-III). In manuscript I a genome-saturated transposon mutant library was generated and Transposon Directed Inserted site Sequencing (TraDIS) was for the first time assessed in an LA-MRSA ST398 strain. Using this high-throughput approach, genes essential for LA-MRSA ST398 survival under laboratory conditions and in whole porcine blood in vitro were identified. In manuscript II, genes important for LA-MRSA ST398 survival on porcine skin and nasal epithelium ex vivo were identified. These genes could represent targets for de-colonization, which could help prevent further spread and adaption of LA-MRSA ST398. Manuscript III describes the construction of the S. aureus VirulenceFinder database. The database can be applied for identification of virulence genes in S. aureus using whole genome 5 sequence data. The S. aureus VirulenceFinder will be part of the tool package generated for the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE) (www.genomicepidemiology.org)

Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV in Three Regions in Tanzania; Successes and Challenges.

By the end of 2009 an estimated 2.5 million children worldwide were living with HIV-1, mostly as a consequence of vertical transmission, and more than 90% of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO), recommended early initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) to all HIV infected infants diagnosed within the first year of life, and since 2010, within the first two years of life, irrespective of CD4 count or WHO clinical stage. The study aims were to describe implementation of EID programs in three Tanzanian regions with differences in HIV prevalences and logistical set-up with regard to HIV DNA testing. Data were obtained by review of the prevention from mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) registers from 2009-2011 at the Reproductive and Child Health Clinics (RCH) and from the databases from the Care and Treatment Clinics (CTC) in all the three regions; Kilimanjaro, Mbeya and Tanga. Statistical tests used were Poisson regression model and rank sum test. During the period of 2009 - 2011 a total of 4,860 exposed infants were registered from the reviewed sites, of whom 4,292 (88.3%) were screened for HIV infection. Overall proportion of tested infants in the three regions increased from 77.2% in 2009 to 97.8% in 2011. A total of 452 (10.5%) were found to be HIV infected (judged by the result of the first test). The prevalence of HIV infection among infants was higher in Mbeya when compared to Kilimanjaro region RR = 1.872 (95%CI = 1.408 - 2.543) p < 0.001. However sample turnaround time was significantly shorter in both Mbeya (2.7 weeks) and Tanga (5.0 weeks) as compared to Kilimanjaro (7.0 weeks), p=<0.001. A substantial of loss to follow-up (LTFU) was evident at all stages of EID services in the period of 2009 to 2011. Among the infants who were receiving treatment, 61% were found to be LFTU during the review period. The study showed an increase in testing of HIV exposed infants within the three years, there is large variations of HIV prevalence among the regions. Challenges like; sample turnaround time and LTFU must be overcome before this can translate into the intended goal of early initiation of lifelong lifesaving antiretroviral therapy for the infants