Gas-phase solvolysis type reactions of SiCl3+ cations

Gas-phase SiCl3+ ions undergo sequential solvolysis type reactions with water, methanol, ammonia, methylamine and propylene. Studies carried out in a Fourier Transform mass spectrometer reveal that these reactions are facile at 10-8 Torr and give rise to substituted chlorosilyl cations. Ab initio and DFT calculations reveal that these reactions proceed by addition of the silyl cation to the oxygen or nitrogen lone pair followed by a 1,3-H migration in the transition state. These transition states are calculated to lie below the energy of the reactants. By comparison, hydrolysis of gaseous CCl3+ is calculated to involve a substantial positive energy barrier

Alterações químicas e microbiológicas de silagens de capim-marandu após a abertura dos silos

This trial had the objective of characterizing the microbial population and evaluating the aerobic stability of Marandu grass silages with pelleted citrus pulp (PCP). The collected forage was submitted to the following treatments: Silage of Marandu grass; silage of Marandu grass + 50 g/kg PCP and silage of Marandu grass + 100 g/kg PCP on natural matter basis. Metal cylindrical containers with 80 cm of height and 50 cm of diameter were used as silos during assays of microbiological dynamics and chemical changes of silages in anaerobiosis. Evaluations were performed on days 0, 2, 4 and 6 after silos were opened. The aerobic stability was evaluated by change in temperature, using approximately three kilograms of silage inside styrofoam boxes that were placed inside a climatic chamber. A completely randomized experimental design and split plot arrangement were used in the two assays, with five replications. Treatments were the plots and time was the subplots. Bacillus and enterobacteria were present on the Marandu grass silages with 0 g/kg PCP, which also showed pH increase throughout the feedout phase. Yeast was detected on the silages that were added with PCP. A trend of increasing temperature with extension of the aeration time was observed mainly in the silages containing 100 g/kg PCP. Isolated yeast strains showed lactate assimilation. Silages were found to be unstable due to the silo opening, both by bacterial or yeast development, which reduced the nutritional value.Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os objetivos de caracterizar a microbiologia e avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de capim-marandu contendo polpa cítrica peletizada (PCP). A forragem colhida foi submetida aos seguintes tratamentos: silagem de capim-marandu; silagem de capim-marandu + 5% PCP e silagem do capim-marandu + 10% de PCP com base na matéria natural. As alterações químicas e microbiológicas foram feitas aos 0, 2, 4 e 6 dias após a abertura dos silos (tambores de metal com 80 cm de altura e 50 cm de diâmetro). Na avaliação da estabilidade aeróbia por meio da alteração da temperatura, 3 kg de silagem foram colocados em caixas de isopor, que foram armazenadas em câmara climática. Nos dois ensaios realizados, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, de modo que os níveis de PCP na silagem corresponderam às parcelas e o tempo, às subparcelas. As silagens sem polpa apresentaram desenvolvimento de bacilos e enterobactérias e aumento do pH no decorrer do desabastecimento dos silos. A presença de leveduras foi detectada nas silagens contendo o aditivo e aumentou do primeiro ao sexto dia de aeração. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) reduziu com o aumento dos tempos de aeração. A temperatura nas silagens com 10% de PCP aumentou durante a aerobiose. Com a abertura dos silos, as silagens apresentaram-se instáveis, seja pelo desenvolvimento de bactérias seja pelo desenvolvimento de leveduras, o que reduziu seu valor nutritivo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

A construção de um espetáculo musical no espaço do programa mais educação: ações interdisciplinares no PIBID

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente trabalho traz o relato de experiências interdisciplinares vivenciadas durante o desenvolvimento de um dos projetos de intervenção do Pibid Música da Universidade Estadual de Londrina no ano de 2014. A proposta do projeto é que os alunos do Programa Mais Educação do Colégio Estadual Antônio de Moraes Barros, juntamente com um dos grupos de bolsistas do Pibid, possam vivenciar a criação e montagem de um espetáculo musical. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foi fundamental o desenvolvimento da interdisciplinaridade entre Música e Teatr

FasL Expression in Articular Discs of Human Temporomandibular Joint and Association with Osteoarthrosis

Background Apoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis‐inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA). Methods Forty‐two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut‐offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR, and (ii) without OA (n = 25) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (P \u3c 0.05). Results Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of FasL in TMJ discs between the three groups (P = 0.001). ADDwR presented significant higher FasL expression when compared with ADDwoR (P \u3c 0.001). Significant higher FasL expression was observed in the group without OA (P = 0.001). All patients without OA presented ADDwR, while all the patients with OA presented ADDwoR. Conclusion A higher area of in situ immunostaining of FasL was found in temporomandibular discs with reduction, which is the less severe condition. Moreover, a reduced expression of FasL in the discs of patients with osteoarthrosis was found, suggesting that some aspects of apoptosis might underlie the progression of TMJ disorders

Knowledge of family health program practitioners in Brazil about sickle cell disease: a descriptive, cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Although sickle cell disease is an important public health problem in Brazil, there is a gap in the literature on the level of knowledge of primary health care professionals about the treatment and management of sickle cell disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge about sickle cell disease of physicians and nurses who work in the Family Health Program in a region of Brazil with a high prevalence of this disease. METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the municipality of Montes Claros, in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Study participants included 96 physicians and nurses who work at the Family Health Program in an urban area of the city. Data was collected using an original, partially tested questionnaire based on health care check points for children with sickle cell disease established in educational protocols from the State Health Secretary of Minas Gerais and the Ministry of Health. The structured questionnaire contained 47 questions addressing three axes: epidemiology (8 questions); clinical manifestations (13 questions); and management of children with sickle cell disease (26 questions). Knowledge was measured through mean correct responses to proposed questions. Ethical principles were respected and this project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research. RESULTS: 59.4% (57) of the study participants were nurses and 40.6% (39) were physicians. The median length of training and median length of service in primary health care were 4.3 (2.8-8.0) years and 4.0 (2.0-7.1) years, respectively. The mean performance in knowledge tests was < 75%, with 5.7/8 (SD = 1.4) for the "epidemiology" questions; 8.6/13 (SD = 2.2) for "clinical manifestations"; and 17.0/26 (SD = 2.9) for "management of children with sickle cell disease" questions; resulting in a mean total of 31.4/47 (SD = 5.10) correct responses. A statistically significant association was found between the number of correct responses and family health care qualifications (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to improve primary health care professional training in the care of children with sickle cell disease

Aerobic stability of marandu grass silages submitted to different packing intensities during ensiling

Objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens de capim-marandu submetidas a diferentes pressões de compactação. A espécie forrageira foi colhida aos 60 dias de crescimento vegetativo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, utilizando-se o modelo de medidas repetidas no tempo. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de quatro densidades (100, 120, 140 e 160 kg MS/m³). As alterações químicas das silagens foram determinadas com 0, 3 e 6 dias após a abertura. As leituras das temperaturas das silagens foram obtidas em intervalos de 12 horas, 156 horas após a acomodação dos baldes na câmara climática, utilizando-se o termômetro inserido a 10 cm no centro da massa de silagem. As silagens de maiores valores de densidade alcançaram máxima temperatura em maior tempo que as densidades inferiores, evidenciando a maior estabilidade decorrente de melhor compactação da massa ensilada. Com o avançar do tempo de exposição aeróbia, as silagens tiveram aumento nos valores de pH e decréscimos nos teores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3). Verificou-se queda nos teores de NIDN (nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro) e da fração B3 com o aumento da densidade, o que caracterizou a participação dessa fração durante o processo de proteólise após a quebra da vedação. Os teores de fibras em detergente neutro e detergente ácido durante a exposição ao ar sofreram acréscimo, sendo os maiores valores obtidos nas silagens de menor densidade. As silagens mais densas apresentaram maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira in vitro que os demais tratamentos.This trial aimed to evaluate the aerobic stability of marandu grass silages submitted to different packing intensities. The forage was harvested at 60 days of regrowth. The following packing densities were evaluated: 100, 120, 140, and 160 kg DM/m³. Silage chemical changes were determined 0, 3, and 6 days after air exposure and temperature recorded every 12 hours, during 156 hours after the buckets were placed in the climatic camera. Thermometers were inserted 10 cm into the silage mass. Data were analyzed following a repeated measures model in a complete randomized design with four replications. The silage with the highest density reached the maximum temperature value in a longer period, compared to the lowest density one, probably due to the highest stability. The pH values increased and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3/TN) decreased during the air exposure phase. The NDIN (neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen) and B3 fractions decreased for the highest density silage, characterizing the participation of these fractions in the proteolysis process during the aerobic phase. The NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) values increased during the aerobic exposure and the highest values were observed on the lowest density silages. The highest density silages showed higher true in vitro digestibility values compared to the other silages.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Islet transplantation as a clinical tool: present state and future perspectives

O transplante de ilhotas é um procedimento em desenvolvimento, como alternativa para o tratamento do diabetes tipo 1 que está na fronteira entre o experimental e o clínico. É uma terapia celular na qual as células são implantadas em território diferente do fisiológico em que apenas determinado número incerto conseguirá se adaptar. Aperfeiçoar este processo para obter os mesmos resultados que no transplante de pâncreas, representa um desafio para o qual convergem contribuições da biologia celular, da imunologia e das técnicas de laboratório que se entrelaçam de maneira extremamente complexa. Este trabalho revisa a literatura expondo a evolução do procedimento, a sua metodologia atual e os resultados clínicos obtidos. As perspectivas futuras do transplante diante dos recentes avanços também são discutidas.Islet transplant is an innovative treatment for type 1 diabetic patients, which still lies between experimental and approved transplant therapy. Islet cells are seeded in a non-physiological territory where an uncertain fraction will be able to adapt and survive. Thus, the challenge lies in improving the whole procedure, employing the tools of cell biology, immunology and laboratory techniques, in order to reach the results obtained with whole organ transplant. This review describes the procedure, its progress to the present methodology and clinical results obtained. Future perspectives of islet transplantation in the light of recent biotechnological advances are also focused

Alginate hydrogel improves anti-angiogenic bevacizumab activity in cancer therapy

Alginate hydrogel improves anti-angiogenic bevacizumab activity in cancer therapyAnti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy applied to solid tumors is a promising strategy, yet, the challenge to deliver these agents at high drug concentrations together with the maintenance of therapeutic doses locally, at the tumor site, minimizes its benefits. To overcome these obstacles, we propose the development of a bevacizumab-loaded alginate hydrogel by electrostatic interactions to design a delivery system for controlled and anti-angiogenic therapy under tumor microenvironrnental conditions. The tridimensional hydrogel structure produced provides drug stability and a system able to be introduced as a flowable solution, stablishing a depot after local administration. Biological performance by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay indicated a pH-independent improved anti-angiogenic activity (similar to 50%) compared to commercial available anti-VEGF drug. Moreover, there was a considerable regression in tumor size when treated with this system. Immunohistochemistry highlighted a reduced number and disorganization of microscopic blood vessels resulting from applied therapy. These results suggest that the developed hydrogel is a promising approach to create an innovative delivery system.that offers the possibility to treat different solid tumors by intratumoral administration.Brazilian Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Additionally, this article has been developed under the scope of the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) Project PTDC/SAU-TOX/114549/2009 – FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-016057, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE), and by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fermentative profile, aerobic stability, and nutritive value of marandu grass silages using additives at ensiling

Com o objetivo de avaliar as perdas em silagem de capim-marandu produzidas com aditivos foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos. No experimento 1, objetivou-se conhecer o perfil de fermentação e a estabilidade aeróbia de quatro silagens: 1) forragem não tratada (Controle); 2) tratada com Lactobacillus plantarum e Propionibacterium; 3) tratada com Lactobacillus buchneri; e 4) tratada com 0,1% de benzoato de sódio. No experimento 2, foram utilizados nove novilhos castrados Nelore (PC de 350 ± 38,9 kg), alocados em três quadrados latinos 3 x 3 para avaliação do consumo e da digestibilidade das rações contendo 85,4% das seguintes silagens de capim-marandu: 1) controle; 2) controle com L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici + enzimas fibrolíticas; e 3) tratamento 2 + L. buchneri. No experimento 1, as silagens apresentaram baixas recuperações de MS durante a fermentação (média de 86%) e os coeficientes de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca reduziram de 65,5% (momento da ensilagem) para 50,0% no 60º dia após o fechamento dos silos. No experimento 2, o valor médio de consumo das rações foi de 5,7 kg MS/dia (1,6% PC) e a digestibilidade de 51,6% e não diferiram entre as rações. As silagens apresentaram perdas acentuadas na fase fermentativa e o uso de aditivos não alterou essas perdas. A inoculação com bactérias não influenciou o consumo ou a digestibilidade das rações.Two trials were conducted to evaluate losses of Marandu grass silages using different additives. The fermentation profile and aerobic stability of the silages were evaluated on the first trial. The followings silages were evaluated: 1 - Marandu grass (Control), 2 - Marandu grass plus L. plantarum and Propionibacterium, 3 - Marandu grass plus L. buchneri, 4 - Marandu grass plus 0.1% of sodium benzoate. On the second experiment, it was utilized nine castrated Nellore steers (Body weight 350 ± 38.9 kg) allocated in three Latin squares (3 x 3) to evaluate the intake and digestibility of the total mixed rations containing 85% of Marandu silage. The followings silages were evaluated: 1 - Marandu grass (Control), 2 - Marandu grass plus L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici associated to fibrolitic enzymes, and 3 - Marandu grass plus L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici associated to fibrolitic enzymes plus L. buchneri. On the experiment 1, the silages showed lowest dry matter recovery (average 86%). The in vitro true dry matter digestibility reduced from 65.5%, before Marandu ensilage, to 50.0% after 60 days of silo closure. On the second trial, the average total mixed feed intake was 5.7 kg DM/day (1.6% of the BW), and the digestibility values (51.6%) was similar among rations. The evaluated silages showed high losses during the fermentative phase, and additive application did not change these profiles. The bacteria application didn't affect the dry matter intake of rations and digestibility values