Research-based versus clinical serum creatinine measurements and the association of acute kidney injury with subsequent kidney function: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study.

Background:Observational studies relying on clinically obtained data have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to accelerated chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, prior reports lacked uniform collection of important confounders such as proteinuria and pre-AKI kidney function trajectory, and may be susceptible to ascertainment bias, as patients may be more likely to undergo kidney function testing after AKI. Methods:We studied 444 adults with CKD who participated in the prospective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study and were concurrent members of a large integrated healthcare delivery system. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories using serum creatinine measurements from (i) the CRIC research protocol (yearly) and (ii) routine clinical care. We used linear mixed effects models to evaluate the associations of AKI with acute absolute change in eGFR and post-AKI eGFR slope, and explored whether these varied by source of creatinine results. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, diabetes status and albuminuria. Results:During median follow-up of 8.5 years, mean rate of eGFR loss was -0.31 mL/min/1.73 m2/year overall, and 73 individuals experienced AKI (55% Stage 1). A significant interaction existed between AKI and source of serum creatinine for acute absolute change in eGFR level after discharge; in contrast, AKI was independently associated with a faster rate of eGFR decline (mean additional loss of -0.67 mL/min/1.73 m2/year), which was not impacted by source of serum creatinine. Conclusions:AKI is independently associated with subsequent steeper eGFR decline regardless of the serum creatinine source used, but the strength of association is smaller than observed in prior studies after taking into account key confounders such as pre-AKI eGFR slope and albuminuria

Ethnic Minority Education in Myanmar

This observe explores ethnic minority education in Myanmar through a quantitative evaluation of demographic traits, academic overall performance, get entry to to instructional sources, and perceptions of the getting to know surroundings amongst three hundred participants. The findings reveal a balanced gender distribution and variations in ethnic illustration, emphasizing the want for focused interventions. Despite stereotypes, the moderately excessive imply GPA underscores educational achievements among ethnic minority students. Positive perceptions of library availability advise a robust basis, while demanding situations in computer get entry to factor to areas for development. The take a look at highlights the significance of fostering inclusive and culturally responsive mastering environments to address nuanced perspectives. As Myanmar ambitions for national harmony and sustainable improvement, those findings make a contribution to shaping rules and interventions for an equitable schooling device that embraces the wealthy diversity of its ethnic minority students

Isolation and structural identification of an alarm pheromone from the giant danio Danio malabaricus (Cyprinidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces)

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die chemischen und strukturellen Merkmale sowie die biologische Bedeutung des Schreckstoffs des Danio-Fisches Malabarbärbling untersucht. Die Isolierung und Identifizierung der Pheromon-Substanz wurde mit Hilfe der Methoden (HPLC, GFC, UV-VIS, NMR and LDIMS) durchgeführt. 3 mg des isolierten natürlichen Pheromons wurden verwendet, um dessen Struktur mit instrumentellen analytischen Methoden zu identifizieren. Abschließend erfolgte der Vergleich der untersuchten Daten des Schreckstoffs mit denen der synthetischen Komponente. Das natürliche Alarmpheromon wurde als 7-Hydroxybiopterin identifiziert. Bei Biotests mit 5 mL einer 0,4 myM 7-Hydroxybiopterin-Lösung in 20 L Aquarien konnte eine Schreckreaktion ausgelöst werden. Um die Spezifität und Selektivität des Pheromons zu verifizieren, wurde der Biotest mit verschiedenen Substanzen aus der Verbindungsklasse der Pterine und Purine durchgeführt. Wie die Ergebnisse des Biotests zeigen, handelt es sich bei 7-Hydroxybiopterin um einen Schreckstoff mit einer hochspezifischen Pheromonstruktur. Kleine Änderungen der Struktur führten zum Verlust der pheromonalen Aktivität

Analysis of health status and socio-economic characteristics of households in Hlaing Thar Yar Township (Thida Swe. 2019)

The study examines the relationship between households’ health status and their socio-economic characteristics in Hlaing Thar Yar Township. The primary data were collected from the Hlaing Thar Yar Township Survey. Ten socio-economic variables and eight health variables were collected from 217 sample households using Structured Question on the Socio-economic and Health Status. In this study, appropriate statistical analysis such as descriptive, canonical correlation analysis and binary logistic regression are used. According to the result of the canonical correlation analysis, it is found that the family members’ health status is influenced on the socio-economic characteristics of the households. And then, four canonical functions are obtained for the significant relationship between the two set of variables. In first canonical function, it is found that the occurrence of diarrhea and occurrence of measles are correlated with educational level of household head, source of drinking water, waste disposal method and toilet type. In second canonical function, it is showed that mode of illness treatment and accesses to healthcare are correlated with educational level of household head, monthly family income and waste disposal method. The third function showed that the occurrence of tuberculosis is correlated with monthly family income, household type and house condition. The fourth canonical function is similar to the third canonical function. Canonical Variables from four canonical functions are applied in order to explain the most influential variables for determining the occurrence of diseases by using binary logistic regression. In order to the result of binary logistic regression, impure source of drinking water and unhygienic waste disposal method are increased the occurrence of measles disease in the family members. It is found that the households with better educational level of household head, waste disposal method and sanitation have a reduction in the occurrence of diarrhea disease among the family members

Impacts of trade openness on Myanmar's economic growth (1962~2019)

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This paper examines Myanmar''s economic growth rate by inflow of Trade Openness and the Vector Error Correction Model was applied. Purpose of this study is to see trade openness has long-term positive or negative effects on GDP growth rates. According to this study, in the long run, GDP growth rate is positively associated with Trade Openness. However, the relationship is not statistically significant. GDP growth rate and inflation are also negative long-term relationship. The results proved to be negative for inflation, and people were saving money in the banks because Myanmar''s interest rates were so high compared to other countries. Therefore, this study suggest that Myanmar’s government should change monetary policy like decreasing interest rate. Furthermore, government should adopt suitable tactical trade policies and implement important changes to ensure Myanmar''s long-term economic prosperity. In addition, the findings of this research can be utilized to inform future research in order to develop sound trade liberalization policies that will help Myanmar prosper economically.1. INTRODUCTION 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 4. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 5. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedKhin Thid

Myaungmya Myohaung, One of the Production Centres of Glazed Wares in Myanmar

Myanmar possessed a long history of glaze production and its products spread not only in Myanmar but also throughout Southeast Asia and some parts of the Middle East. The production of glazed ware has been existed before Bagan period. The glazed wares of Myanmar were good in ancient days and Myanmar became one of the glaze trading centres. Myaungmya was one of the production centres in Myanmar and its potteries might have reached throughout Asia. Myanmar glazed wares had been popular in foreign markets in 16th-17th centuries CE. Delta area of Myanmar had played an essential role in production of glaze in ancient days and Twante, Lagunbyee and Myaungmya became the important pottery production centers. The finding of hundreds of ancient kilns sites, kiln furniture and waste and potsherds, indicates that the art of glaze making flourished there greatly. One of the most remarkable points of these glazed wares production is that they had their own distinctive typology of glazed wares and kiln furniture like firing supports. Kiln designs were also different in region