Interpolación geoestadística de datos topográficos para obtener un MED de una pequeña cuenca forestal en el noroeste de España

[Abstract] This article gives an example of the elaboration of a digital elevation model (DEM) with the aid of geostatistics, using the case of a small experimental catchment near Arcos de la Condesa in Galicia, Spain. A DEM is a necessary tool in present-day erosion and landscape modelling. The geostatistical method of DEM construction involves six steps, starting with the removal of the drift and ending with the final interpolation. The drift was almost completely eliminated by a first order trend surface. After it had been confirmed that no heteroscedacity is present in the data set, the resulting experimental variogram was fitted by an anisotropic Gaussian variogram model, which is the variogram model that is generally used for DEM interpolation. Cross validation was used to determine the optimal number of data points to be used in interpolation. The interpolation results were found to be satisfactory and the interpolation standard deviations are below the data set standard deviation. It is yet noted that this uncertainty in the DEM – although small – may influence its derivatives and subsequent model results. However, when compared to other methods of DEM elaboration, the method as used here is an easy, adequate and relatively fast method, that has the major advantage of providing interpolation errors, enabling an evaluation of the interpolation result

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the French Version of the Savoring Beliefs Inventory.

The Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI) is a measure designed to assess attitudes toward savoring positive experience within three temporal orientations: the past (reminiscence), the present moment (present enjoyment), and the future (anticipation). The aim of this study was to validate the structure of the SBI-French version. The scale was tested with 335 French-speaking participants. Two models were estimated: a one-factor model representing a general construct of savoring and a three-factor model differentiating between anticipation, present enjoyment, and reminiscence. Several indicators of model fit were used: the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the comparison fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI), and the standardized root mean residual (SRMR). A chi-square difference test was used to compare the two models. The model fit of the three-factor model assessed by the SRMR showed to be excellent, while it could be considered as satisfactory according to the CFI and TLI coefficients. RMSEA, however, was slightly less adequate. The model fit for the one-factor model seemed less adequate than the three-factor solution. Further, the chi-square difference test revealed that the three-factor model had significantly better fit than the one-factor model. Finally, the reliability of the four scores (anticipating pleasure, present moment pleasure, reminiscing pleasure, and total score) was very good. These results show that the French version of the SBI is a valid and valuable scale to measure attitudes regarding the ability to savor positive experience, whether it be in anticipation, reminiscence, or the present moment

Identifying potential indicators to measure the outcome of translational cancer research: a mixed methods approach

International audienceAbstractBackgroundIn a context where there is an increasing demand to evaluate the outcome of bio-medical research, our work aims to develop a set of indicators to measure the impact of translational cancer research. The objective of our study was to explore the scope and issues of translational research relevant to evaluation, explore the views of researchers on the evaluation of oncological translational research, and select indicators measuring the outcomes and outputs of translational research in oncology by consensus.MethodsSemi-structured interviews amongst 23 researchers involved in translational cancer research were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. A two-round modified Delphi survey of 35 participants with similar characteristics was then performed followed by a physical meeting. Participants rated the feasibility and validity of 60 indicators. The physical meeting was held to discuss the methodology of the new indicators.ResultsThe main themes emerging from the interviews included a common definition for translational research but disagreements about the exact scope and limits of this research, the importance of multidisciplinarity and collaboration for the success of translational research, the disadvantages that translational research faces in current evaluation systems, the relative lack of pertinence of existing indicators, and propositions to measure translational cancer research in terms of clinical applications and patient outcomes. A total of 35 participants took part in the first round survey and 12 in the second round. The two-round survey helped us select a set of 18 indicators, including four that seemed to be particularly adapted to measure translational cancer research impact on health service research (number of biomarkers identified, generation of clinical guidelines, citation of research in clinical guidelines, and citation of research in public health guidelines). The feedback from participants helped refine the methodology and definition of indicators not commonly used.ConclusionIndicators need to be accepted by stakeholders under evaluation. This study helped the selection and refinement of indicators considered as the most relevant by researchers in translational cancer research. The feasibility and validity of those indicators will be tested in a scientometric study

Images of democracy in the eyes of arts students

Do we learn from the experiences of previous generations? To what extent are we influenced by the experiences of previous generations, and to what extent do we need to generate our own experiences and meanings? "Learning from the past" is a widespread maxim in the social sciences, and it is especially relevant when talking about dark pasts, such as wars or undemocratic periods. However, is it possible to learn from the past from other people's experiences, or is it necessary to have our own life experiences that bring us closer to meaning? The research presented in this chapter took place in Catalonia, Spain. The researcher worked with young art students to consider testimonies of people who lived through Francoism (1939-1975) and the transition to democracy (1975-1981). In total, 23 students from the La Massana Arts and Design centre in Barcelona listened to the oral testimonies of three people who lived through Francoism and the Transition (known in Spanish as La Transición), as a basis for reflecting on the achievements and limitations of the emergence of democracy in Spain. The students captured their reflections in a sketchbook. The overall aims were twofold: to assess the extent to which listening to testimonies of people who lived through an autocratic regime can foster a change in perceptions of democracy, and to identify which factors have a greater or lesser influence on this change in perception

De-polarising strategies to address controversial gender, religious, national or political identities issues

Addressing highly controversial topics in a way that calls into question the student's identity can be counterproductive. Ind eed, if a person feels that his or her identity (gender, religious, left-right, etc.) may be threatened, it may lead the person to become entrenched in his or her convictions and not open to enriching or nuancing his or her point of view through dialogue. The article starts by exploring theoretical contributions that examine the mechanisms through which dialogue can be made counterproductive. It then describes examples of activities that can support conversations about gender or other identity aspects, in a non-polarizing manner. Based on these activities, lessons will be identified on how to address controversial issues that affect identity in a way that it does not generate further polarization

Pioneering Quality Assessment in European Cancer Centers: A Data Analysis of the Organization for European Cancer Institutes Accreditation and Designation Program

Purpose: In order to improve the quality of care in Cancer Centers (CC) and designate Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs), the Organization for European Cancer Institutes (OECI) launched an Accreditation and Designation (A&D) program. The program facilitates the collection of defined data and the assessment of cancer center quality. This study analyzes the results of the first 10 European centers that entered the program. \ud \ud Methods: The assessment included 927 items divided across qualitative and quantitative questionnaires. Data collected during self-assessment and peer-review from the 10 first participating centers were combined in a database for comparative analysis using simple statistics. Quantitative and qualitative results were validated by auditors during the peer review visits. \ud \ud Results: Volumes of various functions and activities dedicated to care, research, and education varied widely among centers. There were no significant differences in resources for radiology, radiotherapy, pathologic diagnostic, and surgery. Differences were observed in the use of clinical pathways but not for the practices of holding multidisciplinary team meetings and conforming to guidelines. Regarding human resources, main differences were in the composition and number of supportive care and research staff. All 10 centers applied as CCCs; five obtained the label, and five were designated as CCs. \ud \ud Discussion: The OECI A&D program allows comparisons between centers with regard to management, research, care, education, and designation as CCs or CCCs. Through the peer review system, recommendations for improvements are given. Assessing the added value of the program, as well as research and patient treatment outcomes, is the next ste

Syncope in the Emergency Department : A Case Report of a Rare Presentation of Favism

Peer reviewe

Analyse des fluctuations annuelles du revenu agricole belge. Incidence du progrès technique et des variations de prix, 1954-1972

Farm income varies from year to year, sometimes considerably. These variations in income are caused, on one hand, by input and output price variations, and on the other hand, by the variations in the quantity of input required and of the output obtained. This article intends to try to evaluate the impact on farm income of each of these four factors. The method of surpluses and price indexes shows that the variations in price have a major, direct impact on farm income. Technical progress, though responsible for 66 % of the increase in volume of production, has only a secondary influence on farm income. Any increase in production has an adverse influence on prices, so that farm income is practically unaffected by it. Moreover, technical progress considerably reduces the need for labour so that the income is from year to year to be divided among an ever smaller number of persons. 49 % of the average annual increase in income per labour unit (+ 11 %) can be attributed to the reduction in personnel, 40 % to the variations in prices and only 11 % to technical progress

Partage des dépenses alimentaires entre agriculture et secteurs d'amont et d'aval en Belgique, 1959-1975

Belgium 1959-1975 - This research is aimed at showing the development during the period 1959-1975 of share of the Belgium consumer's food expenses that went to farmers in return for their work and capital. This analysis shows that during the period studied the fraction of the consumer's food expenses received by the farmer had regularly declined following the increasing inclusion of ever more expensive services in the price of the basic agricultural product. Moreover the farmers' expenses in raw materials and input have constantly increased which has led to even greater variability in the farmers' income. The synthesis of the results obtained shows that at present only 9 % of what the consumer pays for food actually goes to the farmer in exchange for his labour, a reduction by half over less than twenty years. Résu