CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN CATULLUS 30

Alfene immemor atque unanimis false sodalibus, iam te nil miseret, dure, tui dulcis amiculi? iam me prodere, iam non dubitas fallere, perfide? nee facta impia fallacum hominum caelicolis placent, quod tu neglegis ac me miserum deseris in malis. eheu, quid faciant, die, homines cuiue habeant fidem? certe tute iubebas animam tradere, inique, me inducens in amorem, quasi tuta omnia mi forent. idem nunc retrahis te ac tua dicta omnia factaque uentos irrita ferre ac nebulas aereas sinis. 10 si tu oblitus es, at Di meminerunt, meminit Fides, quae te ut paeniteat postmodo facti faciet tui.

Validation of the in Vivo Iodo-nitro-tetrazolium (INT) Salt reduction method as a proxy for plankton respiration

Knowledge of the magnitude and variability of plankton respiration is a crucial gap in our understanding of marine carbon cycling. In order to validate the INT reduction method as a proxy for plankton respiration, we have compiled and analysed a dataset (n = 376) of concurrent measurements of dissolved oxygen consumption (CRO2) and in vivo reduction of 2-para (iodophenyl)-3(nitrophenyl)-5(phenyl) tetrazolium chloride tetrazolium salt (INT) spanning a wide range of oceanic regions and physicochemical conditions. Data were randomly divided into two independent subgroups: two thirds of the data were used to derive a regression conversion between dissolved oxygen consumption and INT reduction ("training" dataset) and one third of the data was used to validate the regression ("test" dataset). There was a significant relationship between the log-transformed dissolved oxygen consumption rates and the log-transformed INT reduction rates (INTT) with the "training" dataset (logCRO2 = 0.72logINTT + 0.44, R2 = 0.69, n = 249, p 8 °C and chlorophyll-a concentrations >0.2 μg L-1 and reduced at lower temperatures and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The results of this study endorse the adequate performance and reliability of the INT method for natural plankton communities

Studies of Supported Catalysts for Environmental Applications: - Flow Reactor Measurements, Monte Carlo Simulations and High Throughput Screening

The use of heterogeneous catalysts for environmental applications, primarily for reduction of harmful emissions from vehicles and stationary sources, has successively increased during the last three decades. Driven by emission regulations, research and development within this area attract large interest and resources, especially for automotive applications. One of the problems still to be solved is the poor catalytic efficiency at low temperatures, e.g., reduction of cold start emissions from cars. The objectives of this thesis work were to develop and use a broad range of methods and tools for studies of environmental catalysis, focusing on catalytic total oxidation reactions on supported catalysts at low temperatures. Supported catalysts were studied in detail by different characterisation and temperature programmed methods, Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to study the reaction kinetics on a single supported catalyst particle, and a new catalyst high throughput screening (HTS) system was developed. The influence of pre-treatment, gas composition and metal (Ce or Co) oxide promotion on the low-temperature oxidation activity of supported Pt and Pd catalysts were studied. Pre-oxidised cobalt oxide catalysts were found to be highly active for CO oxidation at temperatures as low as 200 K. At these low temperatures the activity is independent of the presence of platinum. When tested with other compounds typically present in cold start exhausts from Otto engines, the low temperature CO oxidation activity on cobalt oxide was inhibited to various degrees. The Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to study the steady-state kinetics of the 2A + B2 ==> 2AB model reaction on a nm-sized catalyst particle. The attention was focused on the adsorbate-diffusion-mediated interplay of reaction kinetics occurring on different facets, in the more general case with finite magnitudes of the rate constants. Different rate constants for adsorption, desorption, reaction, and diffusion were investigated. In addition, the contribution of the facet edges to the reaction rate was investigated. The newly developed HTS system is primarily designed for evaluation of heterogeneous catalysts for environmental applications (although the approach is generic), and with a specific aim to establish a platform for screening of catalysts prepared by a wide range of methods. The construction of the HTS system and the first measurements, demonstrating the system performance, are presented. A positional gas-sampling probe, connected to a mass-spectrometer, is used to measure the catalytic activity of individual samples in a flat array of supported catalysts

Dietary Iron Intake in Pregnant Women in Europe: A Review of 24 Studies from 14 Countries in the Period 1991–2014

Objective. Assessment of dietary iron intake in pregnant women in Europe. Design. Review. Setting. Literature search of dietary surveys reporting the intake of dietary iron using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases covering the years 1990–2019. Subjects. Healthy pregnant women. Results. 24 dietary surveys/studies in 14 European countries were included. Nine studies (38%) used Food Frequency Questionnaires, which yielded significantly higher iron intake than studies using Dietary Records. Results from Dietary Record studies in 11 countries showed that iron intake varied between 8.3–15.4 mg/day with an estimated “median” value of 10–11 mg/day. Spain, Bosnia, and Poland reported an intake of 8.3–10.1 mg/day, Croatia, England, Norway, and Finland an intake of 10.2–11.4 mg/day, and Germany, Portugal, Czech Republic, and Greece an intake of 12.2–15.4 mg/day. The recommended iron intake in the various countries varied from 14.8–30 mg/day. In all studies, 60–100% of the women had a dietary iron intake below the recommended intake. Conclusions. In Europe, the majority of pregnant women have a dietary iron intake, which is markedly below the recommended intake. This contributes to a low iron status in many pregnant women. Most guidelines do not advice routine iron supplements, while two guidelines (World Health Organization and Nordic Nutrition Recommendations) recommend routine iron supplementation during pregnancy. Within the European community, we need to reach consensus on the various guidelines and on the issue of iron supplementation. We should establish common European standardized dietary methods, uniform Dietary Reference Values, and uniform statistical methods in order to perform more reliable comparisons between studies in different countries

A Review of Nutrients and Compounds, Which Promote or Inhibit Intestinal Iron Absorption: Making a Platform for Dietary Measures That Can Reduce Iron Uptake in Patients with Genetic Haemochromatosis

Objective. To provide an overview of nutrients and compounds, which influence human intestinal iron absorption, thereby making a platform for elaboration of dietary recommendations that can reduce iron uptake in patients with genetic haemochromatosis. Design. Review. Setting. A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar of papers dealing with iron absorption. Results. The most important promoters of iron absorption in foods are ascorbic acid, lactic acid (produced by fermentation), meat factors in animal meat, the presence of heme iron, and alcohol which stimulate iron uptake by inhibition of hepcidin expression. The most important inhibitors of iron uptake are phytic acid/phytates, polyphenols/tannins, proteins from soya beans, milk, eggs, and calcium. Oxalic acid/oxalate does not seem to influence iron uptake. Turmeric/curcumin may stimulate iron uptake through a decrease in hepcidin expression and inhibit uptake by complex formation with iron, but the net effect has not been clarified. Conclusions. In haemochromatosis, iron absorption is enhanced due to a decreased expression of hepcidin. Dietary modifications that lower iron intake and decrease iron bioavailability may provide additional measures to reduce iron uptake from the foods. This could stimulate the patients’ active cooperation in the treatment of their disorder and reduce the number of phlebotomies.</jats:p