The Neuroptera - Suborder Planipennia of Wisconsin Part III - Mantispidae, Ascalaphidae, Myrmeleontidae and Coniopterygidae

This part concludes the Neuroptera-Suborder Planipennia of Wisconsin. In Parts I and I1 (Throne 1971a, b) no keys to the species were included because satisfactory keys were readily available. However, keys are included in Part 111 either because satisfactory keys are not available or because simpler keys than those available prove adequate for the few Wisconsin species. Whenever possible I have used macroscopic structural characters. In order to separate two species of Coniopterygidae I found it necessary to use male genitalic characters. I have made free use of the keys of Dr. Martin Meinander (1972) in constructing the key for the genera and species of Wisconsin dustywings. With the exception of the Coniopterygidae which have been ably documented by Dr. Meinander, I am able to find but few recent distribution records for the species of the families here considered

The Neuroptera - Suborder Planipennia of Wisconsin Part 1 - Introduction and Chrysopidae

No one to date has published on the Neuroptera of Wisconsin. The only comprchensive report dealing with the group in a neighboring state is the one by Parfin (1952) for Minnesota. I have collected Neuroptera in Wisconsin in a desultory manner from 1922 to 1957 and from then to the present datc methodically and much more extensively. I have worked in all 72 countries of the state, some in only a few places but in a number of counties spaced throughout the state, in many places and at many times. With more collecting other species may be found or the distribution of the known species extended but I feel that publication at this time is warranted. I have examined the collections at the Milwaukee Public Museum, the University of Wisconsin at Madison and several smaller collections in the state. My inquiries concerning Wisconsin specimens in collections outside the state have yielded very meager results. In my collecting I have kept every neuropteran specimen no matter how damaged it might be and no matter how many duplicates I had. I did this to more accurately get a comparison of the relative abundance of the species and a more accurate figure of the proportion of males and females and of the type of habitat where different species are found

Communication and control in an integrated manufacturing system

Typically, components in a manufacturing system are all centrally controlled. Due to possible communication bottlenecking, unreliability, and inflexibility caused by using a centralized controller, a new concept of system integration called an Integrated Multi-Robot System (IMRS) was developed. The IMRS can be viewed as a distributed real time system. Some of the current research issues being examined to extend the framework of the IMRS to meet its performance goals are presented. These issues include the use of communication coprocessors to enhance performance, the distribution of tasks and the methods of providing fault tolerance in the IMRS. An application example of real time collision detection, as it relates to the IMRS concept, is also presented and discussed

The Role of Standardisation in the Shaping of a Vision for Nanotechnology

International audienceNanotechnologies are known as emerging technologies. In contrast to this there are already products on the market that claim to incorporate these technologies. This has contributed to the growing interest in the regulation of this field. In this paper, we first introduce the question of regulation in nanotechnologies, then describe the standardisation process and ISO more specifically. This introduction is followed by the main point of the article: we show the specific role that the ISO TC 229 plays in the beginning of the shaping of a collective vision for nanotechnologies. We point to the organisation and re-organisation of TC 229 that allows actors to build a collective representation of the evolving field and build legitimacy at the global level. We argue that beyond the production of standards, this aspect is central in an emerging field that will impact regulators as they design new rules

An Improved Screen Cone Trap for Monitoring Activity of Flying Insects

The traps, as originally described, are difficult to build because the components are soldered together, and the traps must be replaced after three to four summers' use because of rusting. We report here a modified version of the trap that is easier to build, more durable, and more versatile

Development Rates for the Seed Maggots Delia platura and D. florilega (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Duration of immature stages of seedcorn maggots (SCM), Delia platura (Meigen), and bean seed maggots (BSM), D. florilega(Zetterstedt), was determined at eight constant temperatures from 5 to 40°C. No SCM or BSM survived to second instar at either 5 or 40°C. No BSM survived to the adult stage at 35°C. Duration of immature stages varied from 240 days at 10°C to 17 days at 35°C. A computer model developed using the SCM development rate data closely simulated SCM development in the field during the growing seaso

Emergence Patterns of the Seedcorn Maggot, Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Time of emergence of seedcorn maggot (SCM), Delia platura (Meigen), adults that developed from eggs laid in field plots from May through October 1981, was determined during 1981, 1982, and 1983. Some SCM that developed from eggs laid as early as May 1981, overwintered, and the proportion of SCM overwintering increased when eggs were laid June to October. Adults emerged from overwintered pupae from April through October 1982, and in May and June 1983. Adults of the closely related bean seed maggot (BSM), D. florilega (Zetterstedt), also emerged in the plots, but in smaller numbers than SCM. BSM males emerged in 1981 only in plots planted during May 198

Pursuing More Sustainable Consumption by Analyzing Household Metabolism in European Countries and Cities

Bringing about more sustainable consumption patterns is an important challenge for society and science. In this article the concept of household metabolism is applied to analyzing consumption patterns and to identifying possibilities for the development of sustainable household consumption patterns. Household metabolism is determined in terms of total energy requirements, including both direct and indirect energy requirements, using a hybrid method. This method enables us to evaluate various determinants of the environmental load of consumption consistently at several levels—the national level, the local level, and the household level. The average annual energy requirement of households varies considerably between the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Sweden, as well as within these countries. The average expenditure level per household explains a large part of the observed variations. Differences between these countries are also related to the efficiency of the production sectors and to the energy supply system. The consumption categories of food, transport, and recreation show the largest contributions to the environmental load. A comparison of consumer groups with different household characteristics shows remarkable differences in the division of spending over the consumption categories. Thus, analyses of different types of households are important for providing a basis for options to induce decreases of the environmental load of household consumption. At the city level, options for change are provided by an analysis of the city infrastructure, which determines a large part of the direct energy use by households (for transport and heating). At the national level, energy efficiency in production and in electricity generation is an important trigger for decreasing household energy requirements.

Simulation of Polymer Flow Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

Reactive rotational molding (RRM) is a process to manufacture hollow plastic articles. Comparing to rotational molding of thermoplastics, it decreases the process cycle time due to the reactivity of the system. However, the number of influent parameters is relatively high and optimization of the process is complex. During RRM, the viscosity is one of the key parameters and varies according to the polymer molecular weight due to chemical reactions. Simulation is a way to optimize this process. Prediction of the reactive flow is of great interest to optimize process conditions and wall thickness distribution of the molded part. We developed a solver based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. This Lagrangian meshfree method is well adapted to simulate free surface flows like those occurring in RRM. First, we validated the code comparing the simulation results to analytical Couette flow solution and experimental measurements of dam break problem. Then, we performed two-dimensional (2D) and 3D simulations to observe the influence of the change of viscosity on the flow, due to the chemical reactions. Adhesion of the polymer on the mold surface is modeled by new boundary conditions.Contract grant sponsor : RAIGI society for providing us the reactive materials and the Single Interministerial Fund (FUI)-SAGANE

Dual-polarized chipless humidity sensor tag

In this letter, a miniaturized, flexible and high data dense dual-polarized chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The tag is designed within a minuscule footprint of 29 × 29 mm2 and has the ability to encode 38-bit data. The tag is analyzed for flexible substrates including Kapton® HN DuPont™ and HP photopaper. The humidity sensing phenomenon is demonstrated by mapping the tag design, using silver nano-particle based conductive ink on HP photopaper substrate. It is observed that with the increasing moisture, the humidity sensing behavior is exhibited in RF range of 4.1–17.76 GHz. The low-cost, bendable and directly printable humidity sensor tag can be deployed in a number of intelligent tracking applications