Thermal imprint of rift-related processes in orogens as recorded in the Pyrenees

International audience19 The extent to which heat recorded in orogens reflects thermal conditions inherited from 20 previous rift-related processes is still debated and poorly documented. As a case study, we 21 examine the Mauléon basin in the north-western Pyrenees that experienced both extreme 22 crustal thinning and tectonic inversion within a period of ~30 Myrs. To constrain the time-23 temperature history of the basin in such a scenario, we provide new detrital zircon fission-24 track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology data. The role of rift-related processes in 25 subsequent collision is captured by inverse modeling of our thermochronological data, using 26 relationships between zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He ages and uranium content, combined with 27 thermo-kinematic models of a rift-orogen cycle. We show that the basin recorded significant 28 heating at about 100 Ma characterized by high geothermal gradients (~80°C/km). Our 29 thermo-kinematic modeling and geological constraints support the view that subcontinental 30 lithospheric mantle was exhumed at that time below the Mauléon basin. Such a high 31 geothermal gradient lasted 30 Myr after onset of convergence at ~83 Ma and was relaxed 32 during the collision phase from ~50 Ma. This study suggests that heat needed for ductile 33 shortening during convergence, is primarily inherited from extension rather than being only 34 related to tectonic and/or sedimentary burial. This should have strong implications on tectonic 35 reconstructions in many collision belts that resulted from inversion of hyper-extended rift 36 basins

L'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe au service du développement : le cas des élu(e)s des collectivités territoriales et du capital humain du Ministère de l'intérieur au Maroc

Improving the conditions of women and men is accompanied by the emergence of different approaches and economic theories. This new situation has also led to an exchange between the North and South. Thus, the economic and theoretical corpus has been enriched in favor of developing countries in particular. Despite the efforts that have been made terms of equality of gender relations and changing laws, it is still difficult to identify this equality in the development. This thesis is part of development economics. Its main objective is to seek the equality of gender relations and their implementation for development in Morocco, through the experience of elected local authorities and the human capital of the Ministry of the Interior. The first part presents the general theoretical framework of economic approaches that are essential for our work of doctoral research. The second part describes the methodological and mobilized tools through the capabilities approach, human capital and discrimination. This section attempts to present the development from below by the role of elected local authorities and development across the top officials of the Central services of the ministry of interior so as to practice the equal gender relations.L'amélioration des conditions des femmes et des hommes s'est accompagnée de l'émergence des différentes approches et théories économiques. Cette nouvelle donne a également conduit à l'échange entre les pays du Nord et du Sud qui a enrichi le corpus théorique économique en faveur des PVD en particulier. Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de l'économie du développement. Elle a pour objectif principal de chercher les conditions pour mettre en œuvre l'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe au service du développement au Maroc. Il s'agit d'identifier à travers l'expérience des élues des collectivités territoriales et du capital humain du ministère de l'intérieur marocain la situation des rapports sociaux de sexe, la place et les rôles des femmes et des hommes dans la participation au développement. La première partie présente le cadre théorique général des approches économiques indispensables pour notre travail de recherche doctorale. La deuxième partie expose les outils méthodologiques mobilisés à travers l'approche des « capabilités », du capital humain et de la discrimination. Cette partie tente de présenter le développement par le bas avec le rôle des élues des collectivités territoriales et le développement par le haut à travers les fonctionnaires des services centraux du ministère de l'intérieur, afin de mettre en marche dans la pratique l'égalité dans les rapports sociaux de sexe

High-throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop 1H NMR

We use 60-MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to acquire(1)H spectra from argan oils of assured origin. We show that the low-field NMR spectrum of neat oil contains sufficient information to make estimates of compositional parameters and to inform on the presence of minor compounds. A screening method for quality and authenticity is presented based on nearest-neighbour outlier detection. A variety of oil types are used to challenge the method. In a survey of retail-purchased oils, several instances of fraud were found

CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RAINWATER IN THE BERRECHID BASIN, MOROCCO

A total of 41 rainwater samples were analyzed in order to define the chemical and isotopic input signature of the Berrechid aquifer, Morocco, during March-April 2013 and April 2014. Samples were analyzed for major anions (NO3–, SO42–, Cl–) and stables isotopes (18O, 2H). The chemical composition of rainwater is potentially influenced by the contribution of anthropogenic activities and sea spray. The computed meteoric water line (dD = 7.78 d18O + 10.09; r=0.94) is consistent with that defined at Rabat station. The mean deuterium excess about 10.92‰ close to the value obtained for Atlantic precipitations confirms the oceanic origin identified by the air mass back trajectories. The altitudinal gradient defined as -0.35‰ d18O/100m is close to those defined in regional and national scale

Mitigating instrument effects in 60 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy for authenticity screening of edible oils

Low field (60 MHz) 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyse a large (n = 410) collection of edible oils, including olive and argan, in an authenticity screening scenario. Experimental work was carried out on multiple spectrometers at two different laboratories, aiming to explore multivariate model stability and transfer between instruments. Three modelling methods were employed: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, Random Forests, and a One Class Classification approach. Clear inter-instrument differences were observed between replicated data collections, sufficient to compromise effective transfer of models based on raw data between instruments. As mitigations to this issue, various data pre-treatments were investigated: Piecewise Direct Standardisation, Standard Normal Variates, and Rank Transformation. Datasets comprised both phase corrected and magnitude spectra, and it was found that that the latter spectral form may offer some advantages in the context of pattern recognition and classification modelling, particularly when used in combination with the Rank Transformation pre-treatment