Ev.lut.seurakunnan luottamushenkilön rooliodotukset ja niiden toteutuminen luottamustoimessa

Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkittiin Jokioisten seurakunnan luottamushenkilöiden rooli-odotuksia ja niiden toteutumista luottamustoimessa. Työn toimeksiantaja eli Jokioisten seurakunta halusi roolien lisäksi selvittää luottamushenkilöiden tietoisuutta luottamustoimia säätelevistä ohje- ja johtosäännöistä sekä vaitiolovelvollisuudesta. Opinnäytetyön teoreettisessa osuudessa käsiteltiin ensin yleisesti julkisoikeudellisia yhteisöjä ja sitten Ev.lut. seurakuntaa ja sen toimielimiä sekä niiden tehtäviä. Teoria-osuudessa keskityttiin laajasti Jokioisten seurakunnan toimielimiin ja tehtäviin. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kvantitatiivisin menetelmin. Kaikille Jokioisten seurakunnan luottamushenkilöille lähetettiin e-lomakekysely. Kysely sisälsi pääasiassa monivalintakysymyksiä, mutta muutama kysymys jätettiin avoimeksi. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että suuri osa luottamushenkilöistä oli tietoisia luottamustoimensa toimielimen ohje- tai johtosäännön sisällöstä. Sen sijaan luottamustoimea velvoittava vaitiolovelvollisuus ei ollut kaikkien tiedossa. Seurakunnan taloudesta päättäminen ja toiminnan jatkuvuuden takaaminen koettiin luottamushenkilöiden keskuudessa tärkeiksi tehtäviksi. Seurakunnan henkilöstön rekrytointi oli tämän selvityksen perusteella myös mieleinen tehtävä muutamien virkojen kohdalla. Rekrytoitavasta toimesta tai virasta riippuen päätäntävaltaa oltiin valmiita siirtämään viranhaltijoille.This thesis studied the Congregation of Jokioinen elected officials’ role expectations and their realization in their elected post. In addition to the roles, the Congregation of Jokioinen wanted to find out public awareness of instructions and management rules, as well as confidentiality. The theoretical part of the thesis was first treated in general public law and then Lutheran church. The church and its institutions and their missions. Theory section focused on the institutions and the tasks of the Congregation of Jokioinen widely. The research was conducted by using quantitative methods. All elected officials of congregation was sent the e-form questionnaires. Questioner contained mainly multi-ple choice questions, but few questions were left opened too. The elected officials are governed by many laws and institutions scoring rules. The study found that the majority of elected officials were aware of the institution in-struction or content of regulations. Instead, the confidence measure binding was not known to everyone. Deciding of the parish finances and to ensure the continuity of operations were considered among the elected officials as very important tasks. The parish personnel recruitment was based on research in one of the favorite roles too. But depending on the mode of recruitment by the office or decision making powers were ready to move to office holders

Integrin α2β1 in nonactivated conformation can induce focal adhesion kinase signaling.

Conformational activation of integrins is generally required for ligand binding and cellular signalling. However, we have previously reported that the nonactivated conformation of α2β1 integrin can also bind to large ligands, such as human echovirus 1. In this study, we show that the interaction between the nonactivated integrin and a ligand resulted in the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in a protein kinase C dependent manner. A loss-of-function mutation, α2E336A, in the α2-integrin did not prevent the activation of FAK, nor did EDTA-mediated inactivation of the integrin. Full FAK activation was observed, since phosphorylation was not only confirmed in residue Y397, but also in residues Y576/7. Furthermore, initiation of downstream signaling by paxillin phosphorylation in residue Y118 was evident, even though this activation was transient by nature, probably due to the lack of talin involvement in FAK activation and the absence of vinculin in the adhesion complexes formed by the nonactivated integrins. Altogether these results indicate that the nonactivated integrins can induce cellular signaling, but the outcome of the signaling differs from conventional integrin signaling

Kriminaalihuollon tukisäätiön Oppimisvaikeuksista vapaaksi -hanke : ADHD -kuntoutuskurssin arviointi

Opinnäytetyö on tehty Kriminaalihuollon tukisäätiön Oppimisvaikeuksista vapaaksi –hankkeessa. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on arvioida hankkeen vuoden 2010 tammi-kesäkuussa toteuttama ADHD –kuntoutuskurssi. Kurssi järjestettiin alle 30–vuotiaille pääkaupunkiseudun avolaitosvangeille sekä yhdyskuntaseuraamustoimistojen asiakkaille, joilla on diagnosoitu ADHD tai ainakin vahvoja ADHD -piirteitä. Kurssi toteutettiin Oppimisvaikeuksista vapaaksi -hankkeen tavoitteiden pohjalta. Sillä pyrittiin vastaamaan hankkeen asiakkaiden tarpeisiin luomalla uudenlainen tukipalvelu, jonka avulla voitaisiin auttaa asiakkaita ymmärtämään tilannettaan ja sitä kautta vähentämään haittoja heidän elämässään. Kurssille luotiin neljä päätavoitetta, joita olivat vertaistuen saaminen ja toinen toisiltaan oppiminen, tiedon saaminen ADHD:sta ja sen vaikutuksista oppimiseen ja elämään, arjen sujumista helpottavien keinojen oppiminen ja harjoitteleminen sekä tunne- ja vuorovaikutustaitojen kehittäminen. Opinnäytetyössä on vaikutteita sekä laadullisesta eli kvalitatiivisesta tutkimuksesta että arviointitutkimuksesta. Opinnäytetyötä voi kutsua myös monitahoarvioinniksi, koska arviointiaineisto on kerätty haastattelujen avulla kolmelta eri taholta, joita ovat ryhmäläiset, kurssin kaksi ohjaajaa ja projektipäällikkö. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on saada hyödyllistä tietoa ADHD -kuntoutuskurssin toimivuudesta käytännössä. Kurssia arvioidaan kolmesta eri näkökulmasta, joita ovat prosessin kuvaus, kurssille asetetut päätavoitteet ja kehittäminen. Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä tarkastellaan kuntoutusta rikosseuraamusalalla sekä aikuisten ADHD –kuntoutusta. Opinnäytetyön aineisto on kerätty kurssin puolivälissä ja lopussa toteutetuista kurssilaisten haastatteluista sekä kurssin päättymisen jälkeen tehdyistä ohjaajien parihaastattelusta ja projektipäällikön haastattelusta. ADHD –kuntoutuskurssilla oli kaksi ohjaajaa ja kurssin aloitti kuusi ryhmäläistä. Kokoontumiskertoja oli yhteensä 20 ja jokaiselle kerralla oli suunniteltu oma teema, jota oli tarkoitus käsitellä erilaisten harjoitusten ja keskustelun avulla. Arvioinnin tuloksista kävi ilmi, että kurssin suunnitteluun varattu aika oli riittävä, mutta rekrytointiin olisi voinut varata enemmän aikaa. Rekrytointihaastattelut jäivät melko loppuvaiheeseen, koska kurssilaisia oli vaikea löytää. Jotta ryhmä saatiin kasaan, jouduttiin myös joustamaan kriteeristä, joka edellytti kurssille osallistujilla olevan jo valmiiksi ADHD –diagnoosi. Ryhmätoiminnan toteutukseen liittyvät asiat, kuten kokoontumisten määrä ja tapaamisten kesto, olivat toimivia, mutta niitäkin voidaan vielä kehittää jatkossa. Kurssille asetetut päätavoitteet toteutuivat eri osapuolten kokemusten mukaan hyvin. Kokonaisuudessaan kurssia pidettiin onnistuneena ja hyödyllisenä ja sille nähtiin olevan jatkossakin tarvetta.Free from learning difficulties -project by Probation Foundation Evaluation of the ADHD –rehabilitation programme This thesis is made in the Probation Foundation’s project called Free from learning difficulties. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the project’s ADHD rehabilitation programme which was carried through from January till June in 2010. The ADHD rehabilitation programme was organized for open institution prisoners and clients of Community Sanctions Offices under 30 years who have ADHD –diagnosis or at least strong ADHD -features. The programme was carried through by the goals of Free from learning difficulties -project. The objective of the programme was to meet the needs of the project’s clients by creating a new type of a support service using it to help the clients to understand their situation and to reduce problems in their lives. In the programme there were four main goals: obtaining peer support and learning from each other, getting knowledge of ADHD and its influences on learning and life, learning and practising the means which make everyday life easier and improving emotional- and interaction skills. In this thesis there are influences of both qualitative as well as evaluative survey. The thesis may also be called a polyhedron evaluation since the evaluation material has been gathered by using interviews from three different sources; these being the group members, two counsellors and a project manager. The goal of this thesis is to gain useful knowledge of how the ADHD rehabilitation programme works in practice. The programme can be evaluated from three different aspects which are description of the process, main goals placed for the programme and development. Rehabilitation in Criminal Sanctions and ADHD rehabilitation for adults will be examined in the theoretical portion of this thesis. The material for this thesis was collected by interviewing participants in the middle and at the end of the programme. Both counsellors and the project manager were interviewed after the programme ended. There were two counsellors at the ADHD programme and six group members who started the programme. There were a total of 20 gathering times and for each time one theme was planned to deal with means of different practices and discussions. The results of this thesis showed that there was time enough for planning but recruiting was put into practice in a fairly tight schedule. The interviews were carried out in quite a final stage since there were some difficulties to find people to be interviewed. In order to gather group members enough it was ended up in being flexible about the criteria which required former ADHD –diagnosis of the group members. Things connected to realization of the teamwork such as the amount and duration of meetings worked well, although there are some sorts of needs for development. The main goals set for the programme were carried out well from different participants’ experiences. In its entirety, the programme was considered to be successful, useful and necessary for the future

Miten SEUT 102 artiklaa määräävän markkina-aseman väärinkäytöstä tulkitaan digitaalisessa alustataloudessa? How Shall TFEU Article 102 on Abuse of Dominant Position be Interpreted in the Digital Platform Economy?

In 2021, The European General Court issued its judgment in Case T-612/17 Google and Alphabet v Commission (Google Shopping). The case concerned whether Google had abused its dominant market position by favouring its own comparison shopping service on its general results pages while demoting the results from competing comparison shopping services. The General Court stated that Google’s conduct was not competition on the merits and thus it had breached Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This article discusses firstly this judgment and its consequences for the interpretation of Article 102 TFEU in digital platform economy markets. Secondly, this article takes on the issue of abuse of dominant position in digital markets and tries to find out what kind of conduct of digital platform companies should be prohibited by Article 102 TFEU. The purpose is to identify what kind of conduct should be seen as an abuse of dominance and how to legally assess such conduct. The ECJ judgment states that self-preferencing can constitute a breach of Article 102 TFEU and that this can be seen as a form of discrimination. Besides self-preferencing or discrimination there is also other conduct that can be abusive. These include personalised pricing, forced free riding and different forms of information based abusive conducts. It is not clear how this conduct relate to Article 102 TFEU, but it is clear that should this conduct be seen abusive, it will be difficult to determine the basis for this since well-established theories of harm are incompatible. In addition, when assessing the abusive nature of such conduct, an effects-based case-by-case approach is needed

Seasonal cycle and source analyses of aerosol optical properties in a semi-urban environment at Puijo station in Eastern Finland

We introduce a four-year (in 2006–2010) continuous data set of aerosol optical properties at Puijo in Kuopio, Finland. We study the annual and diurnal variation of the aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients, hemispheric backscattering fraction, scattering Ångström exponent, and single scattering albedo, whose median values over this period were 7.2 Mm<sup>−1</sup> (at 550 nm), 1.0 Mm<sup>−1</sup> (at 637 nm), 0.15, 1.93 (between 450 and 550 nm), and 0.85, respectively. The scattering coefficient peaked in the spring and autumn, being 2–4 times those in the summer and winter. An exception was the summer of 2010, when the scattering coefficient was elevated to ~300 Mm<sup>−1</sup> by plumes from forest fires in Russia. The absorption coefficient peaked in the winter when soot-containing particles derived from biomass burning were present. The higher relative absorption coefficients resulted in lower single scattering albedo in winter. The optical properties varied also with wind direction and time of the day, indicating the effect of the local pollutant sources and the age of the particles. Peak values in the single scattering albedo were observed when the wind blew from a paper mill and from the sector without local pollutant sources. These observations were linked, respectively, to the sulphate-rich aerosol from the paper mill and the oxygenated organics in the aged aerosol, which both are known to increase the scattering characteristics of aerosols. Decreases in the single scattering albedo in the morning and afternoon, distinct in the summertime, were linked to the increased traffic density at these hours. The scattering and absorption coefficients of residential and long-range transported aerosol (two separate cloud events) were found to be decreased by clouds. The effect was stronger for the scattering than absorption, indicating preferential activation of the more hygroscopic aerosol with higher scattering characteristics

Rapid changes in biomass burning aerosols by atmospheric oxidation

Peer reviewe

Spatial, temporal and source contribution assessments of black carbon over the northern interior of South Africa

After carbon dioxide (CO2) aerosol black carbon (BC) is considered to be the second most important contributor to global warming. This paper presents equivalent black carbon (eBC) (derived from an optical absorption method) data collected from three sites in the interior of South Africa where continuous measurements were conducted, i.e. Elandsfontein, Welgegund and Marikana, as well elemental carbon (EC) (determined by evolved carbon method) data at five sites where samples were collected once a month on a filter and analysed offline, i.e. Louis Trichardt, Skukuza, Vaal Triangle, Amersfoort and Botsalano. Analyses of eBC and EC spatial mass concentration patterns across the eight sites indicate that the mass concentrations in the South African interior are in general higher than what has been reported for the developed world and that different sources are likely to influence different sites. The mean eBC or EC mass concentrations for the background sites (Welgegund, Louis Trichardt, Skukuza, Botsalano) and sites influenced by industrial activities and/or nearby settlements (Elandsfontein, Marikana, Vaal Triangle and Amersfoort) ranged between 0.7 and 1.1, and 1.3 and 1.4 ae gm 3, respectively. Similar seasonal patterns were observed at all three sites where continuous measurement data were collected (Elandsfontein, Marikana and Welgegund), with the highest eBC mass concentrations measured from June to October, indicating contributions from household combustion in the cold winter months (June-August), as well as savannah and grassland fires during the dry season (May to mid-October). Diurnal patterns of eBC at Elandsfontein, Marikana and Welgegund indicated maximum concentrations in the early mornings and late evenings, and minima during daytime. From the patterns it could be deduced that for Marikana and Welgegund, household combustion, as well as savannah and grassland fires, were the most significant sources, respectively. Possible contributing sources were explored in greater detail for Elandsfontein, with five main sources being identified as coal-fired power stations, pyrometallurgical smelters, traffic, household combustion, as well as savannah and grassland fires. Industries on the Mpumalanga Highveld are often blamed for all forms of pollution, due to the NO2 hotspot over this area that is attributed to NOx emissions from industries and vehicle emissions from the Johannesburg-Pretoria megacity. However, a comparison of source strengths indicated that household combustion as well as savannah and grassland fires were the most significant sources of eBC, par-ticularly during winter and spring months, while coal-fired power stations, pyrometallurgical smelters and traffic contribute to eBC mass concentration levels year round.Peer reviewe

Sata vuotta tieteen ja suomalaisuuden hyväksi

Kirja-arvostelu: Jyrki Paaskoski: Oppineiden yhteisö. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia 1908–2008. Otava 2008