Онтологическая функция мифа: миф как бытийная связь между "мифосом" и "логосом"

Показана необходимость пересмотра онтологического статуса мифа в связи с кризисом идеалов классического рационализма. Автор раскрывает смысл мифа как онтологической реальности на основе анализа взаимосвязи "мифоса" и "логоса". Выявляется роль "мифоса" в аспекте культурного смыслополагания

Fehlerschutzmechanismen für verteilte Systeme aus COTS FPGAs in Weltraumanwendungen

Integrierte Schaltkreise im Weltraum sind extremen Widrigkeiten ausgesetzt. Hochenergetische Teilchen geben beim Auftreffen einen Teil ihrer Energie an die Materie des Schaltkreises ab und können dadurch für Bitfehler sorgen. Besonders betroffen sind hierbei Schaltkreise mit vielen Speicherelementen, zum Beispiel Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), deren Funktion dynamisch von Speicherinhalten definiert wird. Der fehlerfreie Betrieb von Systemen mit vielen dieser Bauteile birgt folglich besondere Herausforderungen. Die verfügbaren strahlungsgehärteten FPGAs sind sehr teuer und haben eine hohe Leistungsaufnahme. Für Systeme mit 10 bis 100 FPGAs werden daher meist ungehärtete kommerzielle Bauteile verwendet. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Maßnahmen für die Fehlerbehandlung in verteilten Systemen mit kommerziellen nicht strahlungsgehärteten FPGAs untersucht, die im Weltraum betrieben werden. Als reale Anwendung wird die Apparatur des BECCAL Projektes verwendet. In ihr sollen Bose-Einstein Kondensate unter Mikrogravitation im Weltraum erzeugt und untersucht werden. Hierfür ist eine große Menge an steuernder Elektronik notwendig. Anhand zweier Baugruppen aus dieser Steuerelektronik werden verschiedene Fehlerdetektionsmechanismen auf FPGAs implementiert und auf ihre Fehlertoleranz untersucht. Zum Einsatz kommt neben bekannten Methoden wie doppelter oder dreifacher Replikation auch eine neue Methode basierend auf Restklassenzahlensystemen. Die hierfür entwickelte Bibliothek der sogenannten Redundant Residue Number Systems (RRNS) wird bezüglich ihrer Ressourcennutzung und Fehlererkennung mit den Replikationsverfahren verglichen. Da bei FPGAs ein Fehler im Konfigurationsspeicher zu dauerhaft fehlerhaftem Verhalten führen kann, muss es in solchen Fällen neu programmiert werden können. In dieser Arbeit wird daher eine Strategie für verteilte Systeme zur Wiederherstellung des Betriebs nach einem Fehler untersucht. Für die Evaluation werden Fehler in die implementierten Teilsysteme von BECCAL injiziert. Dies erfolgt zum einen in Simulationen und zum anderen direkt in den Konfigurationsspeicher eines FPGAs in Hardware. Hierdurch lassen sich die Raten detektierbarer und nicht detektierbarer Fehler ermitteln. Mit Messdaten verschiedener Teilchenraten im Weltraum der ESA wird für verschiedene Orte die Rate an tatsächlich auftretenden Fehlern bestimmt. Für die Einzelbausteine und das Gesamtsystem wird schließlich evaluiert, welche Fehlerraten bei welchen Schutzmaßnahmen an welchen Orten im Weltraum zu erwarten sind.Integrated circuits in space face particular adversities. High-energy particles can transfer some of their energy to the circuit's matter, causing bit errors. Circuits consisting largely of memory cells are particularly affected, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) whose functionality is defined by the memory contents. The error-free operation of systems with many of these components is therefore a challenging task. The available radiation-hardened FPGAs are very expensive and have a high power consumption. For systems with 10 to 100 FPGAs, unhardened commercial components are therefore usually used. In this thesis different measures for error handling are investigated for distributed systems using commercial FPGAs in space. The apparatus of the BECCAL project is used as a real application. In it, Bose-Einstein condensates will be generated and investigated under microgravity in space, which requires a large amount of controlling electronics. Using two components from these control electronics, various detection mechanisms are implemented on FPGAs and tested for their fault tolerance. In addition to known methods such as double or triple replication, a new method based on residue number systems is also used. The library developed for this uses so-called Redundant Residue Number Systems (RRNS) and is compared with replication methods in terms of resource utilization and error detection. Since an error in the configuration memory of FPGAs can lead to permanent faulty behavior, it must be possible to reprogram it in these cases. For distributed systems, a strategy for restoring operation after such an error is therefore investigated in this thesis. For the evaluation, errors are injected into the implemented BECCAL subsystems. This is done in simulations and directly in the configuration memory of an FPGA in hardware. It allows to determine the rates of detectable and non-detectable faults. ESA measurement data of various particle rates in space is then used to determine the rate at which faults actually occur for various locations. For the individual components and the overall system, an evaluation is made of which error rates can be expected for selected protective measures at what location in space

Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche.

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci (DLK1-WDR25, MKRN3-MAGEL2 and KCNK9) demonstrating parent-of-origin-specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signalling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition

Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of CHO DP-12 cell lines with different high passage histories

Beckmann T, Thüte T, Heinrich C, Büntemeyer H, Noll T. Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of DP-12 cell lines with different high passage histories. In: BMC Proceedings. BMC Proceedings. Vol 5. BioMed Central; 2011

Utilization of multifrequency permittivity measurements in addition to biomass monitoring

Heinrich C, Beckmann T, Büntemeyer H, Noll T. Utilization of multifrequency permittivity measurements in addition to biomass monitoring. BMC Proceedings. 2011;5(Suppl 8)

Utilization of multifrequency permittivity measurements in addition to biomass monitoring

Heinrich C, Beckmann T, Büntemeyer H, Noll T. Utilization of multifrequency permittivity measurements in addition to biomass monitoring. BMC Proceedings. 2011;5(Suppl 8)

Effect of various weight loss interventions on serum NT-proBNP concentration in severe obese subjects without clinical manifest heart failure

Obesity is associated with a "natriuretic handicap" indicated by reduced N-terminal fragment of proBNP (NT-proBNP) concentration. While gastric bypass surgery improves the natriuretic handicap, it is presently unclear if sleeve gastrectomy exhibits similar effects. We examined NT-proBNP serum concentration in n = 72 obese participants without heart failure before and 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy (n = 28), gastric bypass surgery (n = 19), and 3-month 800 kcal/day very-low calorie diet (n = 25). A significant weight loss was observed in all intervention groups. Within 6 months, NT-proBNP concentration tended to increase by a median of 44.3 pg/mL in the sleeve gastrectomy group (p = 0.07), while it remained unchanged in the other groups (all p ≥ 0.50). To gain insights into potential effectors, we additionally analyzed NT-proBNP serum concentration in n = 387 individuals with different metabolic phenotypes. Here, higher NT-proBNP levels were associated with lower nutritional fat and protein but not with carbohydrate intake. Of interest, NT-proBNP serum concentrations were inversely correlated with fasting glucose concentration in euglycemic individuals but not in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, sleeve gastrectomy tended to increase NT-proBNP levels in obese individuals and might improve the obesity-associated "natriuretic handicap". Thereby, nutritional fat and protein intake and the individual glucose homeostasis might be metabolic determinants of NT-proBNP serum concentration

Simulation-based prediction of bone healing and treatment recommendations for lower leg fractures: Effects of motion, weight-bearing and fibular mechanics

Despite recent experimental and clinical progress in the treatment of tibial and fibular fractures, in clinical practice rates of delayed bone healing and non-union remain high. The aim of this study was to simulate and compare different mechanical conditions after lower leg fractures to assess the effects of postoperative motion, weight-bearing restrictions and fibular mechanics on the strain distribution and the clinical course. Based on the computed tomography (CT) data set of a real clinical case with a distal diaphyseal tibial fracture, a proximal and a distal fibular fracture, finite element simulations were run. Early postoperative motion data, recorded via an inertial measuring unit system and pressure insoles were recorded and processed to study strain. The simulations were used to compute interfragmentary strain and the von Mises stress distribution of the intramedullary nail for different treatments of the fibula, as well as several walking velocities (1.0 km/h; 1.5 km/h; 2.0 km/h) and levels of weight-bearing restriction. The simulation of the real treatment was compared to the clinical course. The results show that a high postoperative walking speed was associated with higher loads in the fracture zone. In addition, a larger number of areas in the fracture gap with forces that exceeded beneficial mechanical properties longer was observed. Moreover, the simulations showed that surgical treatment of the distal fibular fracture had an impact on the healing course, whereas the proximal fibular fracture barely mattered. Weight-bearing restrictions were beneficial in reducing excessive mechanical conditions, while it is known that it is difficult for patients to adhere to partial weight-bearing recommendations. In conclusion, it is likely that motion, weight bearing and fibular mechanics influence the biomechanical milieu in the fracture gap. Simulations may improve decisions on the choice and location of surgical implants, as well as give recommendations for loading in the postoperative course of the individual patient