Could fungal infection make ant societies more open?

Ant colonies are a highly rewarding target for many pathogens and parasites and they also host various species of social parasites that exploit their social system. Myrmica ants seem to be particularly susceptible to exploitation by social parasites and by ecto- and endoparasites. Also many Myrmica colonies frequently adopt unrelated gynes, which can be interpreted as temporary social parasites. Myrmica scabrinodis is a common host of the ectoparasitic fungus Rickia wasmannii and its colonies are used by socially parasitic butterfly larvae of Maculinea genus. In some M. scabrinodis populations both R. wasmannii and Maculinea butterflies occur together using the same host colonies. In our study we used such population to check whether fungal infection change the threshold of acceptance of social parasites and unrelated queens by ants and make colonies more open for strangers. For this purpose we performed experiments during which we tested how infection by R. wasmannii affects frequency and time of Maculinea larva adoption and adoption of unrelated ant queens. We also carried out aggression tests where we used M. scabrinodis workers originating from infected and uninfected colonies to check if fungal infection influences the amount of adverse reactions. Our preliminary results indicate that ants infected by the fungus are more readily adopting social parasites, while being less aggressive towards foreign queens. Thus, infected colonies could be more prone for social parasitism

Integrated pest management of major pests and diseases in eastern Europe and the Caucasus

This book promotes Integrated Pest Management, to contribute to reduced reliance on pesticides and the avoidance of adverse impacts from pesticide use on the health and safety of farming communities, consumers and the environment. Through the IPM approach, technical advice is provided to help plan methods and measures to control major pests and diseases occurring or expected to occur in the countries of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. The specific descriptions contain a short summary of the biology of the species, completed with information on methods and tools of monitoring and control. Preventive control methods are also discussed

BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF STRUGGLE AGAINST THE BASIC WRECKERS OF THE SWEET CORN IN R. OF MOLDOVA

Every year, the demand of ecological products in the world is increasing more and more. Republic of Moldova also aspires to expand the areas of agricultural crops to get production with the "ecological" status. The sweet corn, is one of these cultures and every year the areas increase. However, because of the considerable develop of harmful insects on cultural fields, the damage reaches up to 15-20 % and more it is necessary to take measures of struggle. One of these, is a biological method and in this case it has appeared effective. For the period of sweet corn cultivation, excepting for the technology observance of cultivation of the given culture, there have been used biological methods of struggle against harmful insects. Depending on climatic conditions of each zone of the country where it is grown up this culture, different species of harmful insects develop. In R. Moldova, begining with year 2000, have been registered the following harmful species of insects on sweet corn: Aphis spp. (Aphididae); Agrotis spp. (Elateridae); Blaps halophila Fisch. (Tenebrionidae); Phylotreta spp. (Chrysomelidae); Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Noctuidae) Ostrinia nubilalis Hb. (Pyraustidae). The constant useful fauna which develops due to these harmful species is: Nabis spp. (Miridae); Chrysopa spp., (Chrysopidae); Coccinella spp. (Coccinelidae) and others. That is why, annually are let out individuals from species Trichogramma evanescens W., to reduce the number of harmful species H. armigera Hubner. This species annually damages on different cultures, including on sweet corn. The results on released trichogrammas in 2005, for struggle against harmful species H. armigera Hubner, are presented in this work

RESULTS OF VALSACIPER PREPARATION 250 EC TO COMBAT THE COMPLEX OF PESTING RAPESEED INSECTS (Brassica napus oleifera) IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA CONDITIONS

Work contains test information of Valsaciper 250 EC chemical in combating the complex of rapeseed wreckers in conditions of Republic Moldova. It has been studied specific structure of pesting insects rapeseed in 2007. The basic rapeseed wreckers in R.Moldova are: Tanymechus dilaticolis Gyll., Opatrum sabulosum L., Phyllotreta spp., Meligethes aeneus F. etc. The biological development cycle of insects had been studied and reported to climatic conditions. As result, preparation of Valsaciper. 250 EC with dosage of 0,08 l/ha, had been included in the list of the allowed chemicals to combat rapeseed wreckers in conditions from Republic of Moldova

Atlas of Bettles Galerucella luteola Mull. Develops Again in the Republic of Moldova after a Long-Term Depressio

According to the survey conducted by Russian and foreign scientists and observers, the atlas of beetles appears to be capable of developing unexpected outburst of mass reproduction, which is almost impossible to destroy. Numerous damages caused by this bug result in an intense delay in growth and development of elms, sometimes can even cause destruction. This phenomenon is especially observed in Chisinau – that is drying of a number of elms. As a result, the aesthetic and decorative value of parks, forest plantations, and wood plantations is lost. Besides, the weakened trees are subject to the attacks of vermin and are damaged by the elm illness (micose Ceratocystis ulmi)

« On the Legal Nasks of the Denkard », in : Fereydun Vahman & Claus V. Pedersen, eds., Religious Texts in Iranian Languages. Symposium held in Copenhagen May 2002. Kobenhavn, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2007, pp. 151-164.

C’est un fait bien connu que le Dk. 8 offre la connaissance la plus étendue que l’on possède sur les nasks perdus de l’Avesta, selon trois critères : juridiques (dād/dādīg) qui représentent un tiers du total, gāthiques (gāhān) et rituels (hādamānsarīg). En vue d’une nouvelle traduction des premiers, l’A. procède à une série de remarques préparatoires. L’assemblage des nasks suit un symbolisme numérologique spécifique : leur nombre (21) correspond au nombre des mots de la prière sacrée (l’ahun..

« A Browsing through the škand-Gumānīg Wizār », in : Carlo C. Cereti, Beniamino Melasecchi, Farrokh Vajifdar, eds., Varia Iranica. Orientalia Romana 7. Roma, Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, 2004, pp. 73-108. (Serie Orientale Roma XCVII)

La reprise du travail autour d’un traité aussi complexe que le SGW est devenu plus qu’un desideratum. Si l’école italienne semble en relancer l’étude, en reprenant l’analyse de parties de ce traité sur la base des versions pazandes, l’A. propose, quant à lui, un résumé narratif du livre dans son intégralité ! Sans l’avouer expressément, il suit à bien des égards l’édition française de Jean de Menasce (1945), ce qui lui rend tout l’honneur dû. Il va sans dire que l’on ne serait pas désappointé..

Yuhan Sohrab-Dinshaw Vevaina. Resurrecting the Resurrection. Eschatology and Exegesis in Late Antique Zoroastrianism

Par des arguments bien fondés, l’A. propose un renouvellement de la réflexion sur l’eschatologie iranienne, dont l’absence pendant les dernières décennies a été déplorée par J. Kellens (2006). Il insiste sur la continuité des expressions attestant la croyance à la résurrection, entre l’Avesta et les commentaires pehlevis. Par cela, il esquisse aussi une nouvelle perspective sur un atelier ouvert de nos jours, dans le cadre des études iraniennes, à savoir la configuration et la compréhension d..

The Constitutional Ordinance of Republic of Moldova.1990-2007

The theses "The Constitutional Ordinance of Republic of Moldova.1990-2007" represents a complex analyse of crucial moments of Republic of Moldova political life like the independence proclaiming on 1991, the Constitution adopting on 1994, the level of political culture of local people and the principle of separation of powers in the state, with the representatives institutions as the parliament, govern and presidency. This study is structured in three chapters divided into paragraphs from 3 to 5 each of them and the subjects are systematized in chronological order respecting the most important events of the last two centuries of Moldova`s history. The bibliographical support of the this work is formed by a vast collection of specialized studies of the Moldavian, Italian, Russian and American researchers. The collection of the fundamental laws and documents used in this study made it to be a complex contribution in understanding the South-Eastern Europe state: Republic of Moldova

« On the Legal Nasks of the Denkard », in : Fereydun Vahman & Claus V. Pedersen, eds., Religious Texts in Iranian Languages. Symposium held in Copenhagen May 2002. Kobenhavn, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2007, pp. 151-164.

C’est un fait bien connu que le Dk. 8 offre la connaissance la plus étendue que l’on possède sur les nasks perdus de l’Avesta, selon trois critères : juridiques (dād/dādīg) qui représentent un tiers du total, gāthiques (gāhān) et rituels (hādamānsarīg). En vue d’une nouvelle traduction des premiers, l’A. procède à une série de remarques préparatoires. L’assemblage des nasks suit un symbolisme numérologique spécifique : leur nombre (21) correspond au nombre des mots de la prière sacrée (l’ahun..