Figurative Language and Speech Play: A Study of First Grade Children

This paper is a study of figurative language and speech play in first grade children. I will describe what types of figurative language the children use and comprehend and discuss the role of figurative language, and specifically metaphor, in speech play. I will emphasize the need to study children\u27s language using anthropological methods as a separate entity from adult language. In this chapter, I will present a survey of the literature concerning children\u27s speech play and figurative language, and then I will provide a brief introduction to my work

Pica in iron deficiency: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Pica is an unusual condition where patients develop cravings for non-nutritive substances that can cause significant health risks. We report three patients with pica, two of them showing evolutionary changes associated with pica and the third demonstrating a peculiar nature of pica, which has yet to be reported.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe three patients who presented with symptoms of pica. The first patient is a 36-year-old Caucasian woman who had dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with daily ingestion of two super-sized cups of ice as iced tea. The second patient is a 62-year-old Caucasian man who presented with bleeding from colonic polyps associated with drinking partially frozen bottled water. Lastly, the third patient, a 37-year-old Hispanic woman, presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and habitually chewed rubber bands. All three patients presented with hematological parameters diagnostic for iron deficiency anemia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Pica has been practiced for centuries without a clear etiology. We have noticed that the younger community of academic and community physicians are not aware of the importance of complaints related to pica. None of our patients we describe here, as well as their primary care physicians, were aware of the importance of their pica related symptoms. </p> <p>Pica symptoms abated in one of our patients upon iron supplementation, while the other two are currently under treatment as of this writing. We believe pica is an important sign of iron deficiency that should never be ignored, and the craving for any unusual substance should compel clinicians to search for occult blood loss with secondary iron deficiency. </p

Influence Of Spiritual Leadership on Green Behavior: The Mediating Role of Green HRM and the Moderating Role of Individual Green Values

Given the importance of fostering green behavior among employees in multinational corporations (MNCs), the current study aimed to determine how spiritual leadership influences employees' in-role and out-of-role green behavior. The data was gathered from MBA executives’ programs with at least one year's experience working in the pharmaceutical industry. The sample size was 658 and PLS-SEM software was selected to perform the analysis. According to the findings, MNCs may develop in-role and extra-role green habits with the support of spiritual leadership and adopting green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Additionally, this relationship may be restrained by individual green values. Organizations can encourage to promote a culture of environmental sustainability by utilizing green HRM techniques, fostering spiritual leadership, and inspiring people to adopt green behavior through training programs and eco-friendly policies and practices. The results further emphasized that how crucial it is to include spiritual leadership in the creation and application of HRM practices. By doing this, companies may encourage a culture of sustainability and green behavior among their staff which can enhance both organizational performance and social responsibility. The current study added to the body of knowledge by providing new reasons to determine the relationship between spiritual leadership and staff members’ environmentally friendly behaviors (both inside and outside the workplace). Due to environmental concerns, the corporate sector now has a larger role in protecting the environment

Oxaliplatin induces drug resistance more rapidly than cisplatin in H69 small cell lung cancer cells

Cisplatin produces good responses in solid tumours including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but this is limited by the development of resistance. Oxaliplatin is reported to show activity against some cisplatin-resistant cancers but there is little known about oxaliplatin in SCLC and there are no reports of oxaliplatin resistant SCLC cell lines. Studies of drug resistance mainly focus on the cellular resistance mechanisms rather than how the cells develop resistance. This study examines the development of cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistance in H69 human SCLC cells in response to repeated treatment with clinically relevant doses of cisplatin or oxaliplatin for either 4 days or 2h. Treatments with 200ng/ml cisplatin or 400ng/ml oxaliplatin for 4 days produced sublines (H69CIS200 and H69OX400 respectively) that showed low level (approximately 2-fold) resistance after 8 treatments. Treatments with 1000ng/ml cisplatin or 2000ng/ml oxaliplatin for 2h also produced sublines, however these were not stably resistant suggesting shorter treatment pulses of drug may be more effective. Cells survived the first five treatments without any increase in resistance, by arresting their growth for a period and then regrowing. The period of growth arrest was reduced after the sixth treatment and the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 sublines showed a reduced growth arrest in response to cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment suggesting that "regrowth resistance" initially protected against drug treatment and this was further upregulated and became part of the resistance phenotype of these sublines. Oxaliplatin dose escalation produced more surviving sublines than cisplatin dose escalation but neither set of sublines were associated with increased resistance as determined by 5-day cytotoxicity assays, also suggesting the involvement of regrowth resistance. The resistant sublines showed no change in platinum accumulation or glutathione levels even though the H69OX400 subline was more sensitive to buthionine sulfoximine treatment. The H69CIS200 cells were cross-resistant to oxaliplatin demonstrating that oxaliplatin does not have activity against low level cisplatin resistance. Relative to the H69 cells, the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 sublines were more sensitive to paclitaxel and taxotere suggests the taxanes may be useful in the treatment of platinum resistant SCLC. These novel cellular models of cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistant SCLC will be useful in developing strategies to treat platinum-resistant SCLC

Promotional opportunity, rewards, job security, training, career success and career commitment in insurance sector of Pakistan

The objective of this study is focused on the permanent employees’ career success in Pakistan insurance sector. In Pakistan, insurance sector is the most neglected sector for permanent employees to as a career path due to the lack of skill development, promotions and job security. The research objective is to study the impact of promotional opportunity, rewards, job security and training on career commitment and career success. The research framework of this study was developed based on theories of Social Cognitive Career Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed to permanent employees in the insurance sector and 386 questionnaires were returned. The analysis was performed by SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3.0. The results showed that promotional opportunity, rewards, job security, training are positively significant with career commitment. On the other side, promotional opportunity and job security are positively significant with career success, whereas, rewards and training are not supported with career success. This study revealed a positive significant relationship between career commitment and career success. The moderating variable of self-efficacy in the relationship between career commitment and career success was found negatively significant which showed that the mindset and belief of the employees are negative about insurance sector as a career. This study proposes several theoretical and practical contributions which provide evidences that there is a strong relationship between promotional opportunity, rewards, job security, training and career success through career commitment and supports the theoretical relationship exhibit in the research framework. Finally, this study practically suggests that permanent employees in Pakistan insurance sector can be driven to develop their career by promotional opportunity, rewards, job security and training, as equivalent to other service sectors

Direct and Indirect Impact of Leadership on Perceived Work Motivation and Perceived Job Satisfaction

The aim of the current study is to understand the relationship between three variables which are leadership, perceived work motivation and perceived job satisfaction. For this research, a sample of 180 employees had taken from the different service sector organization of Lahore and Multan city, Pakistan. The data was collected through adapted survey questionnaires and was recorded in SPSS 22 for the purpose of analysis. The two dimensions of leadership (Transformational &amp; Autocratic), perceived work motivation and perceived job satisfaction were analyzed. To analyze the hypothesis, we used inter correlation matrix and regression analysis. The tests resulted that transformation leadership, overall leadership and work motivation have significant and positive correlation other than autocratic leadership which is significant but negative. Perceived work motivation is also positive significant with leadership and its dimensions. Regression results showed that transformational leadership, overall leadership and motivation are significant and strong predictor but autocratic leadership is weak and insignificant predictor of perceived job satisfaction. Test also resulted that leadership and its dimensions are significant predictor of perceive work motivation and motivation is a possible mediator between leadership and perceived job satisfaction. The result can help in practical implication in organizations which can provide their employees a strong leadership training to empower the mind to increase their motivation level and job satisfaction. Keywords: Transformation &amp; Autocratic Leadership, Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction

©Society for Business and Management Dynamics Takaful Business Models: A Review, a Comparison

Abstract As an alternate to the general insurance, the Islamic insurance (Takaful