Dactylorhiza elata, Stately Dactylorhiza

Mediterranean regional assessment: Near Threatened (NT) The species is found from southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. In two countries within the Mediterranean distribution (France and Portugal) populations or habitat of this species have declined by more than 30% over three generations. In another two countries (Algeria and Morocco) a similar decline is suspected but cannot yet be confirmed, and in Spain populations appear to be relatively abundant however there is no information on population trends. Elsewhere the species is known only from singlesites in Sardinia and Tunisia. whilst the extent of occurrence is very large, the area of occupancy (AOO) is possibly restricted however distribution data are inadequate to confirm the AOO. Therefore whilst the rate of decline cannot be measured throughout the range of the species, the Mediterranean population decline is confirmed, it is ongoing and is not reversible, consequently this species is close to classification as Vulnerable (A2c and A4c). Further to this, if monitoring data become available to provide an indication of population trends in Spain and these show that it is in decline then it is clear that the species should be considered threatened at both the Mediterranean and global scales. This species is therefore classed as Near Threatened, approaching Vulnerable (A2c+4c)

Long-period intensity pulsations in the solar corona during activity cycle 23

We report on the detection (10 \sigma) of 917 events of long-period (3 to 16 hours) intensity pulsations in the 19.5 nm passband of the SOHO Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. The data set spans from January 1997 to July 2010, i.e the entire solar cycle 23 and the beginning of cycle 24. The events can last for up to six days and have relative amplitudes up to 100%. About half of the events (54%) are found to happen in active regions, and 50% of these have been visually associated with coronal loops. The remaining 46% are localized in the quiet Sun. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the possible instrumental artifacts and we conclude that the observed signal is of solar origin. We discuss several scenarios which could explain the main characteristics of the active region events. The long periods and the amplitudes observed rule out any explanation in terms of magnetohydrodynamic waves. Thermal nonequilibrium could produce the right periods, but it fails to explain all the observed properties of coronal loops and the spatial coherence of the events. We propose that moderate temporal variations of the heating term in the energy equation, so as to avoid a thermal nonequilibrium state, could be sufficient to explain those long-period intensity pulsations. The large number of detections suggests that these pulsations are common in active regions. This would imply that the measurement of their properties could provide new constraints on the heating mechanisms of coronal loops.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Az 1956-os magyar forradalom a francia oktatásban és a történelem tankönyvekben

A hidegháború miatt a közép-európai országok és népek történelmének tanítása hosszú ideig nehéz és tökéletlen volt. Pedig Magyarország megfelelő példa annak bemutatására, miként nyomták el a népeket, amelyeknek mégis volt bátorságuk újra és újra felkelni szabadságukért, végül 1989-ben nyerve el azt. Egy humánus és testvéri Európa létrehozatalához nélkülözhetetlen szomszéd országaink történelmének ismerete, különösen a közép-európai országoké

An update of the Genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

A new Gagea species from Spain and Morocco, Gagea subtrigona J.-M. Tison, is described; an overlooked species from the southern Iberian Peninsula, Gagea lusitanica A. Terrac., is cleared; an updated key to the Iberian species of the genus Gagea is provided.Se describe Gagea subtrigona J.-M. Tison, nueva especie de España y Marruecos, y se reconoce Gagea lusitanica A. Terrac., especie propia del Sur de la Península Ibérica. También se aporta una clave actualizada de las especies ibéricas del género Gagea. INTRODUCTIO

The introduction of a FTT: some considerations from a legal perspective

Os dados foram recolhidos e registados pelo técnico da ESACB João Nunes sob a supervisão da Prof.ª Maria do Carmo Horta Monteiro.Dados climáticos relativos ao ano de 1990, recolhidos e registados no Posto Meteorológico da Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco