Isogeometric Approximation Methods Using the Interlineation Operators

Interlineation of functions of two or more variables is approximation of the functions by their traces or traces of some differential operators on the fixed system of lines. The given paper presents the analysis of the building methods of interlineation operators, that preserve the differentiability class and have the same traces as the approximated function

The influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes in the Far East of Russia

The article is focused on great influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes and repartition of water flow between distributaries in the Amur basin rivers. In the result of morphological analysis of the Far eastern riverbeds and their dynamics the places with the most intensive riverbed reformations were revealed. The intensiveness of erosive-accumulative processes caused by the Amur flood in 2013 was estimated. Some upper reaches of secondary branches and estuaries of large tributaries were recognized as zones of increased accumulative alluviums in the Amur riverbed

High frequency of BRCA1, but not CHEK2 or NBS1 (NBN), founder mutations in Russian ovarian cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A significant portion of ovarian cancer (OC) cases is caused by germ-line mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. BRCA testing is cheap in populations with founder effect and therefore recommended for all patients with OC diagnosis. Recurrent mutations constitute the vast majority of BRCA defects in Russia, however their impact in OC morbidity has not been yet systematically studied. Furthermore, Russian population is characterized by a relatively high frequency of CHEK2 and NBS1 (NBN) heterozygotes, but it remains unclear whether these two genes contribute to the OC risk.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included 354 OC patients from 2 distinct, geographically remote regions (290 from North-Western Russia (St.-Petersburg) and 64 from the south of the country (Krasnodar)). DNA samples were tested by allele-specific PCR for the presence of 8 founder mutations (BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA1 4153delA, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 300T>G, BRCA2 6174delT, CHEK2 1100delC, CHEK2 IVS2+1G>A, NBS1 657del5). In addition, literature data on the occurrence of BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and NBS1 mutations in non-selected ovarian cancer patients were reviewed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BRCA1 5382insC allele was detected in 28/290 (9.7%) OC cases from the North-West and 11/64 (17.2%) OC patients from the South of Russia. In addition, 4 BRCA1 185delAG, 2 BRCA1 4153delA, 1 BRCA2 6174delT, 2 CHEK2 1100delC and 1 NBS1 657del5 mutation were detected. 1 patient from Krasnodar was heterozygous for both BRCA1 5382insC and NBS1 657del5 variants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Founder BRCA1 mutations, especially BRCA1 5382insC variant, are responsible for substantial share of OC morbidity in Russia, therefore DNA testing has to be considered for every OC patient of Russian origin. Taken together with literature data, this study does not support the contribution of CHEK2 in OC risk, while the role of NBS1 heterozygosity may require further clarification.</p

The influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes in the Far East of Russia

The article is focused on great influence of disastrous floods on riverbeds processes and repartition of water flow between distributaries in the Amur basin rivers. In the result of morphological analysis of the Far eastern riverbeds and their dynamics the places with the most intensive riverbed reformations were revealed. The intensiveness of erosive-accumulative processes caused by the Amur flood in 2013 was estimated. Some upper reaches of secondary branches and estuaries of large tributaries were recognized as zones of increased accumulative alluviums in the Amur riverbed

Construction of cascade codes in the frequency domain

The mathematical apparatus of the multidimensional discrete Fourier transform over finite fields is considered. Methods for the description of linear block codes in the frequency domain are investigated. It is shown that, in contrast to iterative codes (code-products), cascade codes in the general case cannot be described in the frequency domain in terms of multidimensional spectra. Analytic expressions are obtained that establish a one-to-one functional correspondence between the spectrum of a sequence over a finite field and the spectra of the corresponding words obtained by limiting this word to a subfield. A general solution of the problem of representation of cascade codes in the frequency domain is obtained, which allows constructing in the frequency domain using computationally efficient algorithms of encoding and decoding, and the derived analytic dependences of components of multidimensional spectra

Stakeholder risk modeling: An econometric analysis experience

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of stakeholder risks and the possibilities of their assessment. The methodological framework of the study was formed on the basis of the corporate governance theory and its stakeholder model. Theoretical analysis. On the basis of the the Russian-language and English-language publications’ general review, carried out by the authors, it is concluded that there is no clear generally accepted toolkit for assessing stakeholder risk. Assessment of stakeholder risks was most developed in project approaches. Methods. The authors propose an approach for assessing the stakeholder risks of an organization as a whole based on the search for a balance of interests through modeling the contributions and benefits of stakeholders and the gaps between contributions and benefits. The empirical base of the study was made up of data on flour-grinding and bakery enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region for 2010–2019. The unbalanced dashboard for analysis included 130 observations across 28 companies. Results. The methodology has been tested on the example of a comparative analysis of “more successful” and “less successful” companies in terms of revenue. Econometric models of the stakeholder contribution to revenue have been built. Stakeholder risk maps were built, which made it possible to identify the most influential stakeholders in terms of their contribution to revenue and the most risky ones in terms of the gap level. Conclusions. When assessing stakeholder risks, a broad outlook and a system of various methods for assessing stakeholder risks are required, as well as a willingness to take into account factors that may go beyond the framework of the models. The results and conclusions of the article can become a theoretical platform for further research. Further research on this topic can be related to expanding the understanding of the imbalance of interests by taking into account the subjective assessments of stakeholders and experts. For these purposes, it is necessary to adapt existing corporate surveys to accounting for stakeholder value and stakeholder risks.</jats:p

Clinical Laboratory Justification of Early Diagnosis and Prognosis on Surgical Sepsis Using Simple Laboratory Criteria in the Elderly

Introduction. Clinical and laboratory criteria of the Sepsis-2 Consensus disregard organ dysfunction manifestations and compensatory anti-inflammatory response in septic complications. The aim of the study was to develop a laboratory parameter detecting sepsis at different periods of its course based on a detailed complete blood test considering the degree of pro-inflammatory response to infection, an anti-inflammatory component, presence of a particular sign of the multiple organ failure. Materials and methods. A statistical study included 152 patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations of surgical sepsis who underwent inpatient treatment at the surgical clinical base of the North-Western State Medical University. In the group of patients who had signs of endogenous intoxication, but the diagnosis of sepsis was not confirmed, frequency of verification of septicopyemia at autopsy was identified in every 4th case. Variants of sepsis scoring were determined in accordance with the parameters of the complete blood test.Results. The correlation between the procalcitonin level and the scoring system was noted at 0,5019309, the correlation between the blood lactate level and the scoring system did not exceed 0,542726115. Findings. With a score higher than 7, the diagnosis of severe sepsis is very likely. With a score lower than 4, the presence of severe sepsis, including the development of septicopyemia, is unlikely. Under the condition when a score is equal 5-6 and combined with long periods of the disease, the search for distant foci of septicopyemia and assessment of the prognosis for the secondary sepsis development are priority. Conclusion. The scoring assessment of a simple laboratory investigation (detailed complete blood test), in our opinion, indirectly reflects the presence and period of septic complications. The use of a score system in practical healthcare can improve screening of patients with surgical infection complicated by the development of sepsis at all stages of medical care.</jats:p

Acute Issues of Lactation Mastitis Therapy

Introduction. Lactation mastitis can complicate the course of the postpartum period in every tenth case. Under lactation abscess, the tactic of performing wide incisions to drain the breast abscess and complete lactation by medications is common. International studies report that the treatment of lactational purulent mastitis complicated by an abscess is possible in a minimally invasive way - by puncture or drainage of an abscess under ultrasound navigation. The current trend in the treatment of lactational breast abscess also includes preservation of breastfeeding.The aim of the study was to develop a modern approach to the complex treatment of purulent lactation mastitis.Materials and methods. We treated 64 breast abscesses that were complications of lactation mastitis with minimally invasive methods in 2018-2020. Most of the patients preserved lactation.Results and discussion. The average age of patients was 24.9 years. In the first group of patients (puncture techniques for treating abscesses), the diameter was 24 mm on average, in the second group (drainage technique for treating abscesses) the diameter was 53 mm on average. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia. The average score of the severity of pain syndrome was 4.4 points on the day of surgery. The average duration of drainage was 4.4 days. None of patients had a relapse of the disease or formation of a chronic fistula within 2 months followed by the operation. No negative evaluation of satisfaction with the cosmetic result was received. Breastfeeding continued in 78-87.5% of patients after surgery.Conclusion. Minimally invasive surgical techniques in the treatment of breast abscesses (punctures and drainage under ultrasound navigation) are the operations of choice. The optimal treatment of lactation mastitis complicated by a breast abscess, in addition to surgical treatment, includes effective expression of breast milk, administration of antibacterial drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and preservation of breastfeeding.</jats:p