How rapid is aphid-induced signal transfer between plants via common mycelial networks?

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Increasing phosphorus supply is not the mechanism by which arbuscular mycorrhiza increase attractiveness of bean (Vicia faba) to aphids

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Perceptions of police legitimacy and citizen decisions to report hate crime incidents in Australia

This article examines the importance of perceptions of police legitimacy in the decision to report hate crime incidents in Australia. It addresses an identified gap in the literature by analysing the 2011-2012 National Security and Preparedness Survey (NSPS) results to not only explore differences between hate crime and non-hate crime reporting but also how individual characteristics and perceptions of legitimacy influence decisions about reporting crime to police. Using the NSPS survey data, we created three Generalised Linear Latent and Mixed Models (Gllamm), which explore the influence of individual characteristics and potential barriers on the decision to report crime/hate crime incidents to police. Our results suggest that hate crimes are less likely to be reported to police in comparison to non-hate crime incidents, and that more positive perceptions of police legitimacy and police cooperation are associated with the victim’s decision to report hate crime victimisation

PDV Detector Monitor System

Author Institution: Los Alamos National LaboratoryAuthor Institution: Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryAuthor Institution: National Security Technologies, LLCSlides presented at the 2nd Annual Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) Workshop held at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, August 16-17, 2007

Sea anemones may thrive in a high CO2 world

Increased seawater pCO 2, and in turn 'ocean acidification' (OA), is predicted to profoundly impact marine ecosystem diversity and function this century. Much research has already focussed on calcifying reef-forming corals (Class: Anthozoa) that appear particularly susceptible to OA via reduced net calcification. However, here we show that OA-like conditions can simultaneously enhance the ecological success of non-calcifying anthozoans, which not only play key ecological and biogeochemical roles in present day benthic ecosystems but also represent a model organism should calcifying anthozoans exist as less calcified (soft-bodied) forms in future oceans. Increased growth (abundance and size) of the sea anemone (Anemonia viridis) population was observed along a natural CO 2 gradient at Vulcano, Italy. Both gross photosynthesis (P G) and respiration (R) increased with pCO 2 indicating that the increased growth was, at least in part, fuelled by bottom up (CO 2 stimulation) of metabolism. The increase of P G outweighed that of R and the genetic identity of the symbiotic microalgae (Symbiodinium spp.) remained unchanged (type A19) suggesting proximity to the vent site relieved CO 2 limitation of the anemones' symbiotic microalgal population. Our observations of enhanced productivity with pCO 2, which are consistent with previous reports for some calcifying corals, convey an increase in fitness that may enable non-calcifying anthozoans to thrive in future environments, i.e. higher seawater pCO 2. Understanding how CO 2-enhanced productivity of non- (and less-) calcifying anthozoans applies more widely to tropical ecosystems is a priority where such organisms can dominate benthic ecosystems, in particular following localized anthropogenic stress. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS FOR SUCCESSFUL MARKET PENETRATION INTO THE BAR INDUSTRY IN SOUTH COUNTY, RHODE ISLAND

The Evening Entertainment/Bar Industry in Narragansett is one that is flourishing and has been so for many years. As a college town Narragansett provides students and locals alike with opportunities to spend an evening on the town and enjoy the company of their peers. As a means of service there are a multitude of successful bars in South County that provide customers with just such experiences. The goal of every business venture is to create a positive revenue stream and to maintain this success over the lifetime of the business. In order to do this successfully a business must create a unique appeal to its target market and maintain a balanced relationship between repeat and first time customers. It has become my mission to create just that, a bar that offers a unique entertaining atmosphere that will appeal to a vast demographic that promotes the intermingling of various age groups ranging from 21 to 55. I plan to do so by creating a unique meld of bar genres. A two-story bar in Narragansett that offers the excitement and fast-paced entertainment of a nightclub and the laidback and mature atmosphere of a jazz bar will help me reach my goal. No business can be successful without a thorough and extensive business plan/model. The purpose of my project is to create a business plan that will provide me with the infrastructure to build off of when opening my bar in Narragansett. Within this business plan I will examine a number of key aspects that will provide me with the information necessary to complete a transition into the Evening Entertainment/Bar market. This business plan will include my mission, the keys to success, a market analysis summary, a competitive analysis, a strategy and implementation summary, and a partial financial plan. I will analyze the success of local bars such as Casey’s, Bon View, and Charlie O’s and determine how to draw from their success. Integrating each of these elements is essential to defining a business and by doing so I will be fully prepared to penetrate the market

Molecular machines for controlling transmembrane ion transport

This thesis describes the design of molecular machines for the control of transmembrane ion transport. Employing a relay transport mechanism, halogen bonding transporters with high ion selectivity and azobenzene based transporters with photo-modulated activity are reported. Chapter 1 introduces the field of transmembrane ion transport, highlighting key examples of synthetic ion channels, mobile carriers and anchored carriers which display stimuli-responsive behaviour. Chapter 2 identifies the dependence of membrane thickness on the therapeutically important Cl− > OH− anion transport selectivity and describes a novel highly active and selective halogen bonding relay transporter. Chapter 3 describes a unique photo-switchable relay transport system which regulates transport activity through control of the length of a telescopic carrier arm on the relay transporter, switching with visible light within the membrane in a fully reversible manner. Chapter 4 expands on the photo-switchable relay transport system, introducing a new anchoring ammonium group delivers transporters to both leaflets of pre-formed bilayers. Chapter 5 outlines the experimental procedures employed in this work

Recruitment, deployment, promotion, and attrition of female officers : the impact on staffing and perceptions of police practice

There is little research examining (collectively) recruitment, deployment, promotion, and attrition of female constables in policing, and how these issues affect organizational staffing, police practice. Presenting findings from semi-structured interviews with 46 male and female constables working in an Australian State and Territories police organization, this paper argues that exclusionary staffing practices start from the onset of recruitment because female applicants are singled-out by their sex. It argues that exclusionary staffing practices for female constables occur throughout initial recruit training, during placement within a police station or area of command, whilst being deployed or not deployed to police work, and during consideration or application of promotion related processes, which increases the probability that attrition rates of female constables will be high. Unless police organizations address these issues, it is likely that the number of female constables transitioning into senior roles will remain small; thereby reducing the likelihood that police organizations will implement or achieve equitable staffing principles. It will also diminish appropriate resources needed to run an organization and have a negative impact on staffing