Differential CD4+ cell count increase and CD4+ : CD8+ ratio normalization with maraviroc compared with tenofovir

Studies exploring the immunologic effects of maraviroc (MVC) have produced mixed results; hence it remains unclear whether MVC has unique immunologic effects in comparison to other antiretroviral drugs. We sought to determine whether MVC has differential effects compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) during initial antiretroviral therapy

Genome-Wide Analyses of Recombination Prone Regions Predict Role of DNA Structural Motif in Recombination

HapMap findings reveal surprisingly asymmetric distribution of recombinogenic regions. Short recombinogenic regions (hotspots) are interspersed between large relatively non-recombinogenic regions. This raises the interesting possibility of DNA sequence and/or other cis- elements as determinants of recombination. We hypothesized the involvement of non-canonical sequences that can result in local non-B DNA structures and tested this using the G-quadruplex DNA as a model. G-quadruplex or G4 DNA is a unique form of four-stranded non-B DNA structure that engages certain G-rich sequences, presence of such motifs has been noted within telomeres. In support of this hypothesis, genome-wide computational analyses presented here reveal enrichment of potential G4 (PG4) DNA forming sequences within 25618 human hotspots relative to 9290 coldspots (p<0.0001). Furthermore, co-occurrence of PG4 DNA within several short sequence elements that are associated with recombinogenic regions was found to be significantly more than randomly expected. Interestingly, analyses of more than 50 DNA binding factors revealed that co-occurrence of PG4 DNA with target DNA binding sites of transcription factors c-Rel, NF-kappa B (p50 and p65) and Evi-1 was significantly enriched in recombination-prone regions. These observations support involvement of G4 DNA in recombination, predicting a functional model that is consistent with duplex-strand separation induced by formation of G4 motifs in supercoiled DNA and/or when assisted by other cellular factors

Moments musicaux: Towards comprehensive catalogues of real repertoire examples for teaching and research

One form of musical library that is a mainstay of traditional musicology and which stands to benefit from digital attention is the ‘anthology’. These collections, often paired with a textbook, are tasked with bringing together a set of ‘representative’ examples for musical devices such as particular chords.This paper provides lists of such examples, both manually curated and automatically retrieved, bringing computational methods to complement and extend the traditional concept and preparation of a musical anthology. The lists and code are available at https://github.com/MarkGotham/Moments.Discussion centres on the motivations for and issues with preparing such lists, including the design of retrieval algorithms. A final section discusses the special case of examples for teaching musicianship which can face additional difficulties in finding suitable repertoire examples. Again, this culminates in datasets of repertoire examples, but for specifications such as ‘diatonic, stepwise melodies in quarter and eight notes’